Effect of hospital discharge plan for children with type 1 diabetes on discharge readiness, discharge education quality, and blood glucose control

Table 1 Time cut-off point and content of intervention

Intervention time cutoff point	Content	Form	Duration
1st day of admission	Theme education 1 (grasp knowledge)	Face-to-face (talk-back)	30 min
2nd day of admission	Theme education 2 (self-monitoring)	Face-to-face (talk-back)	30 min
3rd day of admission	Be happy to deal with it	Psychological intervention	30 min
4-5 d after admission	Skills training (insulin injection)	Skills guidance (demo-back)	30 min
1 d before discharge	Theme education 3 (healthy diet)	Face-to-face (talk-back)	30 min
Discharge day	Insulin injection practice	Skill display	10 min
1 wk after discharge	Responding to home care issues	Telephone follow-up	10-15 min
1 mo after discharge	Responding to home care issues	Telephone follow-up	10-15 min
3 mo after discharge	Responding to home care issues	Telephone follow-up	10-15 min

Table 2 Comparison of baseline data between the two groups of children and parents

Demographic characteristics	Control group, n (%)	Intervention group, n (%)	χ2 value	P value
Age
Preschool	23 (46)	20 (38)	0.67	0.415
School age	27 (54)	32 (62)
Gender (Female)	30 (60)	28 (54)	0.65	0.419
Parental education
Junior high school and below	28 (56)	35 (68)	2.67	0.102
High school and above	22 (44)	17 (32)
Family income (USD)
< 3077	7 (14)	10 (19)	2.97	0.085
3077-11428	8 (16)	9 (18)
> 11428	35 (70)	33 (63)
Treatment (pump)	13 (26)	11 (22)	1.62	0.416
Days in hospital
< 7 d	37 (74)	35 (68)	2.75	0.11
≥ 7 d	13 (26)	17 (32)

USD: United States dollar.

Table 3 Comparison of hospital discharge readiness between the two groups of children and parents

Dimensions	Control group (mean ± SD) (n = 50)	Intervention group (mean ± SD) (n = 52)	t value	P value
Parent status	50.75 ± 10.82	56.47 ± 6.78	3.21	0.001b
Child status	50.04 ± 9.56	49.25 ± 6.82	1.09	0.277
Knowledge	54.13 ± 13.90	62.92 ± 14.61	3.11	0.002b
Coping ability	23.16 ± 4.72	25.23 ± 4.65	2.32	0.027a
Expected support	30.60 ± 6.81	31.47 ± 6.13	0.68	0.491
Total readiness score	208.68 ± 29.31	225.34 ± 32.47	2.71	0.007b

^aP < 0.05.

^bP < 0.01.

Table 4 Comparison of hospital discharge education quality between the two groups of children and parents

Dimensions	Control group (mean ± SD) (n = 50)	Intervention group (mean ± SD) (n = 52)	t value	P value
Education content	38.65 ± 6.03	42.67 ± 6.92	3.12	0.002b
Educational skills and effects	85.47 ± 12.28	92.44 ± 13.87	2.63	0.009b
Education quality total score	124.13 ± 15.56	135.11 ± 19.86	3.09	0.002b

^bP < 0.01. SD: Standard deviation.

Table 5 Comparison of blood glucose metabolism indicators between the two groups of children

Metabolism indicators	Before intervention				After intervention
	Control group (n = 50)	Intervention group (n = 52)	t value	P value	Control group (n = 50)	Intervention group (n = 52)	t value	P value
HbA1c	8.42 ± 1.25	8.76 ± 1.58	1.21	0.230	8.04 ± 1.27	7.45 ± 1.04	2.57	0.012a
Preprandial glucose	9.87 ± 1.76	9.63 ± 1.32	0.78	0.436	7.92 ± 1.05	7.25 ± 1.26	2.91	0.004b
Blood glucose 2-hour after meal	12.74 ± 1.58	13.19 ± 1.24	1.60	0.111	10.97 ± 1.45	10.32 ± 1.38	2.31	0.02a

^aP < 0.05.

^bP < 0.01. HbA1c: Glycosylated hemoglobin.