Copyright
©The Author(s) 2021.
World J Clin Cases. Dec 16, 2021; 9(35): 10861-10870
Published online Dec 16, 2021. doi: 10.12998/wjcc.v9.i35.10861
Published online Dec 16, 2021. doi: 10.12998/wjcc.v9.i35.10861
Variable | Non-GER | GER | P value |
n | 519 | 82 | |
Sex | |||
Male | 260 (50.10) | 32 (39.02) | 0.085 |
Female | 259 (49.90) | 50 (60.98) | |
Age (yr) | 49.00 (35.00, 61.00) | 60.00 (42.00, 68.00) | |
Type of surgery | |||
Orthopedics | 117 (22.54) | 24 (29.27) | 0.169 |
Abdominal | 402 (77.46) | 58 (70.73) | |
Operative time (min) | 85.00 (50.00, 140.00) | 120.00 (75.00, 190.00) | |
BMI (kg/m2) | 23.63 (20.96, 26.30) | 24.77 (20.28, 26.22) | |
Intraoperative blood loss (mL) | 200.00 (100.00, 300.00) | 250.00 (50.00, 350.00) | |
Smoking status | |||
Never | 446 (85.93) | 64 (78.05) | 0.116 |
Current or former | 73 (14.07) | 18 (21.95) | |
Alcohol intake | |||
Never | 477 (91.91) | 73 (89.02) | 0.436 |
Yes | 42 (8.09) | 9 (10.98) | |
Pharyngitis | |||
Never | 472 (90.94) | 23 (28.05) | < 0.001 |
Yes | 47 (9.06) | 59 (71.95) | |
History of GER | |||
Never | 506 (97.50) | 66 (80.49) | < 0.001 |
Yes | 13 (2.50) | 16 (19.51) | |
Other digestive tract diseases | |||
Never | 497 (95.76) | 71 (86.59) | 0.023 |
Yes | 22 (4.24) | 11 (13.41) | |
Hypertension | |||
Never | 413 (79.58) | 66 (80.49) | 0.846 |
Yes | 106 (20.42) | 16 (19.51) | |
Diabetes mellitus | |||
Never | 457 (88.05) | 70 (85.37) | 0.523 |
Yes | 62 (11.95) | 12 (14.63) | |
History of asthma | |||
Never | 501 (96.53) | 73 (89.02) | 0.041 |
Yes | 18 (3.47) | 9 (10.98) | |
Psychiatric history | |||
Never | 510 (98.27) | 79 (96.34) | 0.375 |
Yes | 9 (1.73) | 3 (3.66) | |
History of respiratory infection (within 2 mo) | |||
Never | 510 (98.27) | 80 (97.56) | 0.696 |
Yes | 9 (1.73) | 2 (2.44) | |
History of surgery | |||
Never | 500 (96.34) | 76 (92.68) | 0.229 |
Yes | 19 (3.66) | 6 (7.32) | |
Lidocaine (2% mL) | 3.00 (2.20, 3.50) | 3.00 (2.30, 3.55) | |
Palliative | |||
Midazolam | 360 (69.36) | 64 (78.05) | 0.071 |
Dexmedetomidine | 159 (30.64) | 18 (21.95) | |
Sufentanil (g) | |||
10 | 10 (1.93) | 0 (0.00) | 0.032 |
15 | 169 (32.56) | 36 (43.90) | |
20 | 340 (65.51) | 46 (56.10) | |
Propofol (mg) | 100.00 (100.00, 100.00) | 100.00 (90.00, 100.00) | |
Rocuronium bromide | 50.00 (40.00, 50.00) | 50.00 (40.00, 50.00) | |
Sufentanil | 10.00 (10.00, 30.00) | 30.00 (10.00, 30.00) | |
SAI | 46.01 | 46.10 | |
TAI | 42.90 | 42.90 | |
SDS | 42.59 | 42.50 |
Variables | β value | SD | Wald chi-square | OR (95%CI) | P value |
Intercept 1 | -10.518 | 182.127 | 0.003 | 0.954 | |
Intercept 2 | -14.558 | 182.128 | 0.006 | 0.936 | |
Gender (female vs male) | 0.994 | 0.438 | 5.144 | 2.702 (1.144-6.378) | 0.023 |
Age (yr) (continuous) | 0.031 | 0.012 | 6.824 | 1.031 (1.008-1.056) | 0.009 |
Type of surgery | -0.018 | 0.382 | 0.002 | 0.982 (0.464-2.077) | 0.963 |
Operative time (min) (continuous) | 0.003 | 0.004 | 0.904 | 1.003 (0.996-1.010) | 0.342 |
BMI (kg/m2) (continuous) | -0.049 | 0.069 | 0.516 | 0.952 (0.832-1.089) | 0.472 |
Intraoperative blood loss (mL) (continuous) | -0.000 | 0.001 | 0.081 | 1.000 (0.998-1.002) | 0.776 |
Smoking status | 0.802 | 0.474 | 2.859 | 2.230 (0.880-5.650) | 0.091 |
Alcohol intake | 0.602 | 0.565 | 1.135 | 1.826 (0.603-5.524) | 0.287 |
Pharyngitis | 3.446 | 0.353 | 95.234 | 31.388 (15.709-62.715) | < 0.001 |
History of GER | 2.479 | 0.534 | 21.513 | 11.925 (4.184-33.989) | < 0.001 |
Other digestive tract diseases | 0.028 | 0.570 | 0.002 | 1.028 (0.336-3.145) | 0.961 |
Hypertension | -0.661 | 0.437 | 2.294 | 0.516 (0.219-1.215) | 0.130 |
Diabetes mellitus | -0.854 | 0.533 | 2.568 | 0.426 (0.150-1.210) | 0.109 |
History of asthma | 0.313 | 0.594 | 0.278 | 1.368 (0.427-4.383) | 0.598 |
Psychiatric history | 0.467 | 0.827 | 0.319 | 1.596 (0.315-8.072) | 0.572 |
History of respiratory infection (within 2 mo) | -0.560 | 1.155 | 0.235 | 0.571 (0.059-5.492) | 0.628 |
History of surgery | 1.181 | 0.692 | 2.915 | 3.258 (0.840-12.642) | 0.088 |
Lidocaine (2% mL) (continuous) | 0.016 | 0.121 | 0.018 | 1.017 (0.802-1.289) | 0.892 |
Palliative (d vs midazolam) | 0.005 | 0.416 | 0.000 | 1.005 (0.445-2.272) | 0.990 |
Sufentanil (g) | . | ||||
10 | - | - | - | Ref. | . |
15 | 10.378 | 182.118 | 0.003 | 32155.18 (0.000-3.36E159) | 0.955 |
20 | 10.653 | 182.121 | 0.003 | 42315.00 (0.000-4.44E159) | 0.953 |
Propofol (mg) (continuous) | -0.060 | 0.028 | 4.680 | 0.942 (0.892-0.994) | 0.031 |
Arden (mg) (continuous) | -0.185 | 0.236 | 0.619 | 0.831 (0.523-1.318) | 0.431 |
Rocuronium bromide (continuous) | -0.005 | 0.050 | 0.009 | 0.995 (0.902-1.098) | 0.926 |
Sufentanil (continuous) | 0.016 | 0.025 | 0.383 | 1.016 (0.967-1.067) | 0.536 |
SAI (continuous) | 0.134 | 0.031 | 0.497 | 1.011 (0.976-1.044) | 0.647 |
TAI (continuous) | 0.006 | 0.029 | 0.516 | 1.004 (0.962-1.051) | 0.712 |
SDS (continuous) | -0.072 | 0.013 | 0.311 | 0.982 (0.948-1.035) | 0.562 |
Variables | β value | SE | t value | P value |
Intercept | 12.061 | 17.616 | 0.685 | 0.494 |
Gender | 1.732 | 3.079 | 0.563 | 0.574 |
Age (yr) (continuous) | 0.277 | 0.095 | 2.903 | 0.004 |
Type of surgery | -0.898 | 3.178 | -0.283 | 0.778 |
Operative time (min) (continuous) | 0.103 | 0.031 | 3.378 | < 0.001 |
BMI (kg/m2) (continuous) | -0.667 | 0.517 | -1.290 | 0.197 |
Intraoperative blood loss (mL) (continuous) | -0.007 | 0.007 | -1.057 | 0.291 |
Smoking status | 6.843 | 3.821 | 1.791 | 0.074 |
Alcohol intake | 3.309 | 4.692 | 0.705 | 0.481 |
Pharyngitis | 33.566 | 3.418 | 9.820 | < 0.001 |
History of gastroesophageal reflux | 13.809 | 6.111 | 2.260 | 0.024 |
Other digestive tract diseases | 1.165 | 5.896 | 0.198 | 0.844 |
Hypertension | -8.575 | 3.593 | -2.386 | 0.017 |
Diabetes mellitus | -2.448 | 4.280 | -0.572 | 0.568 |
History of asthma | -2.465 | 6.177 | -0.399 | 0.690 |
Psychiatric history | -5.423 | 9.060 | -0.599 | 0.550 |
History of respiratory infection (within 2 mo) | -7.538 | 9.566 | -0.788 | 0.431 |
History of surgery | 4.426 | 6.443 | 0.687 | 0.492 |
Lidocaine (2% mL) (continuous) | -1.224 | 0.927 | -1.320 | 0.187 |
Palliative (d vs midazolam) | 4.683 | 3.009 | 1.556 | 0.120 |
Sufentanil (g) | ||||
10 | ref | - | - | - |
15 | 1.823 | 11.849 | 0.154 | 0.878 |
20 | 2.301 | 13.692 | 0.168 | 0.867 |
Propofol (mg) (continuous) | -0.174 | 0.160 | -1.093 | 0.275 |
Arden (mg) (continuous) | 1.408 | 1.857 | 0.758 | 0.449 |
Rocuronium bromide (continuous) | -0.061 | 0.337 | -0.182 | 0.856 |
Sufentanil (continuous) | -0.086 | 0.214 | -0.401 | 0.689 |
SAI (continuous) | -0.053 | 0.031 | -0.253 | 0.546 |
TAI (continuous) | -0.027 | 0.087 | -0.436 | 0.658 |
SDS (continuous) | 0.011 | 0.053 | 0.211 | 0.432 |
- Citation: Zhao X, Li ST, Chen LH, Liu K, Lian M, Wang HJ, Fang YJ. Identification of independent risk factors for intraoperative gastroesophageal reflux in adult patients undergoing general anesthesia. World J Clin Cases 2021; 9(35): 10861-10870
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2307-8960/full/v9/i35/10861.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.12998/wjcc.v9.i35.10861