Intravascular papillary endothelial hyperplasia as a rare cause of cervicothoracic spinal cord compression: A case report

Table 1 Summary of reported cases of spinal intravascular papillary endothelial hyperplasia

No.	Ref.	Year	Age (yr)	Sex	Primary location	Clinical features	RadiologicalFeatures	Treatment	Size (cm)
1	Ali et al[13]	1994	42	M	T8 posterior epidural mass	Paraplegia for 2 wk duration	MRI non-specific T1/T2 signal changes	Radical excision	1.5
2	Porter et al[14]	1995	16	M	T6 posterior epidural mass	Midthoracic radicular back pain with hesitancy for 1-wk duration	CT myelography: extradural thecal compression posteriorly with abnormal lamina	T6 laminectomy with T5-T6 right partial facetectomy	4 × 2 × 1
3	Taricco et al[15]	1999	17	M	T12-L1 posterior epidural mass	Pain, numbness, paresis of left lower limb with bladder dysfunction for 1 mo	Contrast-enhanced CT of spine: hyperdense lesion; MRI: T1-iso, T2-hyperintense with homogeneous contrast enhancement	T12-L1 laminectomy with radical excision of mass	Not mentioned
4	Petry et al[12]	2009	47	M	Multifocal lesions of the spine	Diffuse low back pain	MRI T1-iso, T2-hyperintense with homogeneous contrast enhancement	No surgery	Not mentioned
5	Lanotte et al[16]	2010	33	M	T6-T7 paraverte-bral mass extending epidural space	Back pain, hesitancy with paraparesis for 2 wk	MRI T1 hypo- T2 hyperintense mass	T6 laminectomy and excision of intracanal mass	4.5 × 2.5 × 2.5
6	Mozhdehi-panah et al[17]	2013	58	M	T4-6 posterior epidural mass	Spastic paraparesis and sensory deficit for 1 mo	MRI T2 hyperintense mass	Laminectomy and radical excision of mass	3×1
7	Bhalla et al[21]	2013	51	F	L1 centered on spinous process and involving pedicles	Back pain with paraparesis	MRI L1 centered on spinous process and involving pedicles causing cauda equina compression	Preoperative embolization, incomplete excision and Radiotherapy	4.6×4.3×5.5
8	Singla et al[18]	2016	40	M	T12-L1 dumbbell-shaped mass	Back pain and numbness of the right lower trunk for 2 yr	MRI dumbbell-shaped mass mimicking schwannoma	Radical excision	Not mentioned
9	Behera et al[19]	2017	32	M	T4-5 posterior epidural mass	Paraplegia for 4 mo	MRI T1 hypo- T2 hyperintense mass	Radical excision	5 × 3 × 2
10	Tanaka et al[20]	2018	40	M	L2-3 intradural mass	Low back pain and leg pain beginning approximately 5 yr ago and 1 mo ago	Isointense on T1 and hypointense with partial areas of high signal intensity on T2 without contrast enhancement	L2-3 laminectomy and durotomy with radical excision of mass	2.5 × 1.5 × 1
11	Oktar et al[6]	2019	37	M	T4-5 dumbbell-shaped mass	Dermatomal tingling burning pain with paresis of right lower limb for 1 mo	MRI dumbbell-shaped mass mimicking schwannoma	Radical excision	5 × 2 × 3
12	Present case	2020	27	M	C6-T1 posterior epidural mass	Neck pain and numbness and weakness of the extremities	MRI: T1-hypo-, T2-hyperintense with homogeneous contrast enhancement	C6-T1 laminectomy with C7-T1 left partial facetectomy and radical excision of the mass	3 × 1.5 × 1

MRI: Magnetic resonance imaging; CT: Computed tomography.