Lamb’s tripe extract and vitamin B12 capsule plus celecoxib reverses intestinal metaplasia and atrophy: A retrospective cohort study

Table 1 Intestinal metaplasia and atrophic gastritis regression based on intention-to-treat and per-protocol analyses

Group	IM regression (%)		AG regression (%)		IM or AG regression (%)
	ITT analysis	PP analysis	ITT analysis	PP analysis	ITT analysis	PP analysis
LTEVB12 initial therapy	39.94	52.95	36.39	48.24	53.55	70.98
Celecoxib rescue therapy	30.00	56.25	27.50	51.56	39.17	78.33
Complete therapy	50.59	85.93	-	-	-	-

AG: Atrophic gastritis; IM: Intestinal metaplasia; LETEVB₁₂: Lamb’s tripe extract and vitamin B₁₂ capsule; ITT: Intention-to-treat; PP: Per-protocol.

Table 2 Intestinal metaplasia and atrophic gastritis regression rates of different operative link on gastritis assessment and operative link on gastric intestinal metaplasia assessment stages for each therapy group

Group	IM regression (%)					AG regression (%)
	Ⅰ stage	Ⅱ stage	Ⅲ stage	Ⅳ stage	P value	Ⅰ stage	Ⅱ stage	Ⅲ stage	Ⅳ stage	P value
LTEVB12	17.19	57.27a	70.97a	89.47a,b	< 0.001	33.33	40.63	66.67	100.00c,d	< 0.05
Celecoxib	57.14	31.37	71.60e	71.43e	< 0.001	-	30.00	50.00	76.20f	< 0.05

^aP < 0.05 vs control (IM regression of stage I in LTEVB₁₂ group).

^bP < 0.05 vs control (IM regression of stage II in LTEVB₁₂ group).

^cP < 0.05 vs control (AG regression of stage I in LTEVB₁₂ group).

^dP < 0.05 vs control (AG regression of stage II in LTEVB₁₂ group).

^eP < 0.05 vs control (IM regression of stage II in celecoxib group).

^fP < 0.05 vs control (IM regression of stage II in celecoxib group).

AG: Atrophic gastritis; IM: Intestinal metaplasia; ITT: Intention-to-treat; LTEVB₁₂: Lamb’s tripe extract and vitamin B₁₂ capsule; OLGA: Operative link on gastritis assessment; OLGIM: Operative link on the gastric intestinal metaplasia assessment.

Table 3 Factors associated with regression of intestinal metaplasia and atrophic gastritis (multivariate analysis)

Regression effect	Factor	LTEVB12			Celecoxib
		OR	95%CI	P value	OR	95%CI	P value
IM	Fresh vegetable intake (> 100 g/d)	0.497	0.224-1.105	0.087	-	-	-
	High salt diet	1.852	1.044-3.285	0.035	-	-	-
	Tea intake (> 100g/d)	-	-	-	2.295	0.736-7.158	0.152
	Education level (≥ senior high school)	-	-	-	1.672	0.495-5.643	0.408
	Income level (≥ 5000 yuan/mo)	-	-	-	3.097	0.902-10.638	0.073
AG	Education level (≥ senior high school)	0.480	0.255-0.903	0.023	-	-	-
	Tea intake (> 100g/d)	0.678	0.388-1.185	0.173	-	-	-
	Profession (ref: Farmer)			0.169			-
	Officer	0.784	0.313-1.965	0.603	-	-	-
	Medic	-	-	-	-	-	-
	Teacher	1.897	0.620-5.804	0.262	-	-	-
	Merchant	1.028	0.361-2.933	0.958	-	-	-
	Technical staff	3.305	1.275-8.565	0.014	-	-	-
	Retired	1.878	0.791-4.458	0.153	-	-	-
	Unemployed	1.570	0.612-4.027	0.348	-	-	-
	Blood type (ref: A)			-			0.123
	B	-	-	-	2.021	0.240-17.033	0.518
	O	-	-	-	0.322	0.064-1.617	0.169
	AB	-	-	-	0.118	0.010-1.460	0.096
	Unknown	-	-	-	0.389	0.128-1.182	0.096

AG: Atrophic gastritis; CI: Confidence interval; IM: Intestinal metaplasia; ITT: Intention-to-treat; LTEVB₁₂: Lamb Tripe Extract and Vitamin B₁₂ Capsule; OR: Odds ratio; PP: Per-protocol.