Cystic duct dilation through endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography for treatment of gallstones and choledocholithiasis: Six case reports and review of literature

Table 1 Laboratory examinations and history of past illness

Case No.	ALT, IU/L	AST, IU/L	TBIL, μmol/L	DBIL, μmol/L	Hb, g/L	WBC, 109/L	PT, s	History of past illness
1	17.3	18	22.3	6.8	148	5.43	11.9	Hypertension
2	1025.4	594.9	92.4	63.7	140	8.24	10.9	Normal
3	129.6	72.6	12.9	2.8	129	4.18	10.8	Normal
4	115.8	58.7	35.3	10.8	151	5.08	10.2	Right upper lung lobectomy
5	184.1	71.9	13.6	3.4	129	4.65	10.8	Normal
6	28.4	21.8	12.6	2	135	8.89	11.6	Duodenectomy and anastomosis

AST: Alanine aminotransferase; ALT: Aspartate aminotransferase; DBIL: Direct bilirubin; HGB: Hemoglobin; PT: Prothrombin time; TBIL: Total bilirubin; WBC: White blood cell.

Table 2 Follow-up results after removing gallstones and choledocholithiasis by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography

No.	Follow-up period in mo	Residual stones	GBEF before surgery, %	GBEF after surgery, %			Biliary colic	Calculus recurrence
				3 mo	6 mo	9 mo
1	11	No	53	95	82	83	No	No
2	6	No	60	73	80	NA	No	No
3	8	No	55	60	NA	NA	No	No
4	6	No	NA	52	NA	NA	No	No
5	6	No	54	62	68	NA	No	No
6	8	No	NA	56	72	NA	No	No

GBEF: Gallbladder excretion function; NA: Not available, lost to follow-up or undetected.

Table 3 Clinicopathological data of included patients

No.	Gender	Age in yr	Number of gallstones	Diameter of gallstones, mm	Thickness of gallbladder wall, mm	Cystic duct diameter, mm		Cystic duct length, mm		Cystic duct direction	Number of choledocholithiasis		Diameter of common bile duct, mm	Diameter of choledocholithiasis, mm	Dilating the cystic duct
1	Male	66	3	13	5.6	6	2.9		Right		16	13		13	Yes
2	Female	28	3	6	3	7	3.5		Right		6	16.3		6	No
3	Female	31	1	7	4	5	2.5		Right		4	15		5	Yes
4	Male	43	1	5	3	5	3		Dorsal		3	12		5	No
5	Female	41	2	6	5	6	3		Right		1	10		7	No
6	Male	59	1	8	3	5	2.7		Dorsal		2	11		9	Yes

Table 4 Intraoperative parameters and information of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography

No.	ERCP operation time, min	EPBD, cm	Biliary stent	ENBD	Secondary ERCP
1	140	0.8	No	Yes	Yes
2	120	0.6	No	Yes	No
3	125	0.8	No	Yes	No
4	95	0.6	No	Yes	No
5	105	0.6	No	Yes	No
6	110	0.8	No	Yes	No

ENBD: Endoscopic nasobiliary drainage; EPBD: Endoscopic papillary balloon dilation; ERCP: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography.

Table 5 Postoperative complications of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography

No.	Hyperamylasemia	Cholecystitis	Hemorrhage	Cholangitis	Cystic duct injury	Duodenal injury
1	Yes	No	No	No	No	No
2	No	No	No	No	No	No
3	No	Yes	No	No	No	No
4	No	No	No	No	No	No
5	No	No	No	No	No	No
6	No	No	No	No	No	No