Is burnout a mediating factor between sharps injury and work-related factors or musculoskeletal pain?

Table 1 Descriptive statistics concerning the results of the Copenhagen burn inventory and occurrence of sharps injuries (n = 1734)

Characters	n	PB score	WB score	SI
		mean ± SD	mean ± SD	Subject (%)
SI in past one year	1734	36.69 ± 17.59	34.19 ± 16.29	146 (8.42)
PB ranks				1,b
> Q3	542	56.93 ± 12.20	-	68 (12.55)
> Q2 and ≤ Q3	482	37.22 ± 3.31	-	30 (6.22)
> Q1 and ≤ Q2	394	27.08 ± 2.09	-	29 (7.36)
≤ Q1	316	13.12 ± 6.79	-	19 (6.01)
WB ranks				1,b
> Q3	451	-	54.66 ± 9.45	56 (12.42)
> Q2 and ≤ Q3	572	-	36.70 ± 4.03	39 (6.82)
> Q1 and ≤ Q2	344	-	26.61 ± 1.78	25 (7.27)
≤ Q1	367	-	12.20 ± 7.27	26 (7.08)
Sex		b	b	2,b
Male	325	33.64 ± 16.48	31.13 ± 15.28	45 (13.85)
Female	1409	37.39 ± 17.77	34.89 ± 16.44	101 (7.17)
WE ranks		b	b	1,b
≤ Q1	375	36.23 ± 17.73	34.72 ± 17.37	34 (9.07)
> Q1 and ≤ Q2	434	37.29 ± 17.98	35.12 ± 16.10	53 (12.21)
> Q2 and ≤ Q3	487	38.94 ± 17.60	35.48 ± 16.06	38 (7.80)
> Q3	438	34.07 ± 16.73c	31.36 ± 15.46	21 (4.79)
Occupation groups		c	c	1,b
Doctors	145	37.10 ± 17.37	34.11 ± 16.78	23 (15.86)
Nurses	627	41.22 ± 17.27	39.33 ± 15.55	55 (8.77)
Others	962	33.67 ± 17.20	30.84 ± 15.82c	68 (7.07)
Right-handed
Yes	1663	36.89 ± 17.64	34.31 ± 16.31	142 (8.54)
No	71	31.87 ± 15.62	31.34 ± 15.48	4 (5.63)
Drinking in past month		c	b	2,b
Yes	561	39.51 ± 17.05	36.17 ± 16.03	64 (11.41)
No	1173	35.34 ± 17.69	33.24 ± 16.33	82 (6.99)
Smoking in past month
Yes	12	31.60 ± 16.80	25.89 ± 17.04	2 (16.67)
No	1722	36.72 ± 17.60	34.24 ± 16.27	144 (8.36)
SLD (per day) ranks		c	c	1,a
≤ 5 h	62	48.52 ± 20.62	41.82 ± 17.57	9 (14.52)
> 5 and ≤ 6 h	566	41.04 ± 17.91	38.26 ± 16.47	54 (9.54)
> 6 and ≤ 7 h	771	34.91 ± 16.38	32.35 ± 15.40	66 (8.56)
> 7 h	335	31.23 ± 16.47	29.89 ± 15.80	17 (5.07)
Exercise per day		b	c
Yes	133	31.27 ± 18.88	28.84 ± 17.87	11 (8.27)
No	1601	37.14 ± 17.41	34.63 ± 16.08	135 (8.43)
Suffering chronic disease		b	a	2,a
Yes	608	38.69 ± 17.95	35.43 ± 16.70	64 (10.53)
No	1126	35.61 ± 17.31	33.51 ± 16.02	82 (7.28)
OT work ranks		c	c	1,b
> 45 h / mo	53	48.51 ± 19.78	43.73 ± 18.34	9 (16.98)
< 45 h / m	481	41.32 ± 17.21	39.27 ± 15.82	58 (12.06)
Seldom	1200	34.31 ± 17.07c	31.73 ± 15.75	79 (6.58)
Work schedule classes		c	c	1,b
Irregular shift	223	43.54 ± 18.63	40.90 ± 16.91	30 (13.45)
Regular shift	204	37.89 ± 17.15	35.19 ± 15.19	25 (12.25)
Night	204	37.77 ± 18.14	37.45 ± 16.26	17 (8.33)
Day	1103	34.88 ± 16.99	32.04 ± 15.89	74 (6.71)

¹Chi-square test.

²Fisher exact test.

^aP < 0.05.

^bP < 0.01.

^cP < 0.0001. OT: Over time; PB: Personal burnout; SD: Standard deviation; SI: Sharp injuries; SLD: Sleep duration; WB: Work-related burnout.

Table 2 Sites of musculoskeletal pain and factor analysis of the Nordic musculoskeletal questionnaire, n (%)

Pain site	Pain past 12 months	FMS pain	Factor loadings
	Subjects	Subjects	Factor 1: Upper torso	Factor 2: Lower limb	Factor 3: Upper limb
Neck	636 (36.68)	405 (23.36)	0.29	-0.04	-0.05
Left shoulder	370 (21.34)	234 (13.49)	0.27	-0.06	-0.03
Right shoulder	444 (25.61)	283 (16.32)	0.29	-0.05	-0.02
Upper back	327 (18.86)	210 (12.11)	0.19	0	0.01
Waist or lower back	529 (35.01)	300 (17.30)	0.12	0.02	0
Left elbow	65 (3.75)	35 (2.02)	-0.03	-0.02	0.25
Right elbow	126 (7.27)	81 (4.67)	-0.01	-0.04	0.27
Left wrist	103 (5.94)	67 (3.86)	-0.03	0	0.24
Right wrist	205 (11.82)	110 (6.34)	-0.02	-0.04	0.31
Left hip/thigh/buttock	70 (4.04)	48 (2.77)	-0.04	0.19	0.04
Right hip/thigh/buttock	70 (4.04)	45 (2.60)	-0.04	0.19	0.05
Left knee	95 (5.48)	51 (2.94)	0.04	0.2	-0.09
Right knee	88 (5.08)	51 (2.94)	0.02	0.29	-0.11
Left ankle	42 (2.42)	31 (1.79)	-0.06	0.23	0
Right ankle	51(2.94)	39 (2.25)	-0.05	0.21	0
Eigenvalues			4.02	1.26	0.47
Explained variation (%)			73.86	23.11	8.67

The relatively large factor loading values were marked in bold for corresponding to musculoskeletal pain sites.

Table 3 Differences in frequent musculoskeletal pain scores between participants who had and had not experienced an sharps injury in the preceding year

FMS pain score	With SIs in past year	Without SIs in past year	P value
	mean ± SD	mean ± SD
FUTP	0.11 ± 0.97	-0.01 ± 0.86
FLLP	0.24 ± 1.17	-0.02 ± 0.78	b
FULP	0.16 ± 0.96	-0.02 ± 0.70	a

^aP < 0.05.

^bP < 0.01. FMS: Frequent musculoskeletal; FUTP: Frequent upper torso pain; Sis: Sharps injuries.