Retrospective Study
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2021.
World J Clin Cases. Sep 6, 2021; 9(25): 7350-7357
Published online Sep 6, 2021. doi: 10.12998/wjcc.v9.i25.7350
Table 1 Comparison of recovery time of various indicators between arbidol therapy group and non–antiviral treatment control group
Arbidol treatment (n = 72)
None-antiviral treatment (n = 60)
P value
Difference (d)
Disease duration (d)123.42 ± 6.9229.60 ± 6.49< 0.0016.183
Days before 2 NAT negative results121.61 ± 6.9527.59 ± 6.39< 0.0015.983
Days before significantly improved chest CT outcome118.33 ± 5.9424.28 ± 5.35< 0.0015.949
1t test. NAT: Nucleic acid testing; CT: Computed tomography.
Table 2 Baseline data of patients, n (%)
Arbidol treatment (n = 72)
No antiviral treatment (n = 60)
P value
Age (yr)58.5 (45-65.8)58.5 (52-66)0.459
Male gender246 (63.9)35 (58.3)0.514
Underling illnesses223 (31.9)17 (28.3)0.653
Abnormal liver function229 (40.3)22 (33.7)0.671
Abnormal heart function33 (4.2)3 (5)0.819
Abnormal creatinine31 (1.4)1 (1.7)0.896
Lactate dehydrogenase1202.5 (159-263)255 (191-265)0.054
Leukocyte count14.90 (4.36-6.13)5.16 (4.10-6.88)0.654
Lymphocyte count11.24 (1.14-1.33)1.135 (0.86-1.55)0.076
C-reactive protein18.65 (3.175-.63.3)14.4 (3-67.7)0.805
Erythrocyte sedimentation rate135 (8-57)32 (6-58)0.076
Ferritin1508 (320-672)605.5 (380-935.5)0.092
Interleukin-618 (5.71-12)7.18 (6-8.62)0.337
Procalcitonin (abnormal/normal)31 (2.7)0 (0)> 0.999
Serum amyloid A151.81 (18.33-218)65 (7.75-169.13)0.443
Moderate cases251 (70.8)42 (70.0)0.917
Severe cases221 (29.2)18 (30.0)0.917
1Mann–Whitney U test.
2Chi-square test.
3Fisher’s exact test. Normal range of indicators: Lactate dehydrogenase 120-250 U/L, leukocyte count 3.5-9.5 × 109/L, lymphocyte count 1.1-3.2 × 109/L, procalcitonin < 0.5 ng/mL, serum amyloid A 0-10 mg/L, erythrocyte sedimentation rate 0-20 mm/h, C-reactive protein 0-5 mg/L, ferritin 4.63-204 ng/mL, and interleukin-6 0-7 pg/mL. Abnormal liver function: Alanine amiotransferase or aspartate aminotransferase is higher than the normal range. Abnormal cardiac function: Creatine kinase-MB, troponin I, or brain natriuretic peptide is above the normal range or combined with shortness of breath, oliguria, and edema. Abnormal renal function: Creatinine is higher than normal.
Table 3 Indicators in receiver operating characteristic curve
Test variable
AUC
95%CI
Cut-off
P value
Sensitivity
Specificity
Youden's index
Lower range
Upper range
LC0.4240.2940.5551.7350.227
CRP0.5170.3840.64966.950.792
ESR0.4160.2920.54077.650.180
Ferritin0.7080.5990.816486.50.00180%56.5%0.365
IL60.5970.4760.7185.9350.123
LDH0.7070.5950.820239.50.00175%67.4%0.424
Serum amyloid A0.5330.4090.65845.100.594
AUC: Area under curve; CRP: C-reactive protein; ESR: Erythrocyte sedimentation rate; IL-6: Interleukin-6; LDH: Lactate dehydrogenase.
Table 4 Single and multifactor analyses of variance identify high lactate dehydrogenase, ferritin, and no arbidol treatment as independent risk factors for long disease duration
Single factor
Multi factor
OR (95%CI)
P value
OR (95%CI)
P value
Nontreatment8.167 (3.731-17.874)< 0.0017.158 (2.608-19.648)< 0.001
Ferritin (> 486.5 ng/mL）4.368 (1.895-10.066)0.0012.852 (1.004-8.099)0.049
LDH (> 239.5 U/L)8.167 (3.731,17.874)< 0.0015.946 (2.171-16.285)0.001
Age (> 60 yr)0.699 (0.334-1.338)0.255
Male gender0.628 (0.310-1.273)0.197
Underlying disease (yes vs none)1.421 (0.674-2.996)0.356
Abnormal liver function1 (yes vs none)1.229 (0.607-2.487)0.567
Abnormal heart function2 (yes vs none)0.242 (0.027-2.132)0.201
Abnormal creatinine2 (yes vs none)1.281 (0.078-20.922)0.862
1Chi-square test.
2Fisher’s exact test. LDH: Lactate dehydrogenase; OR: Odds ratio.