Novel model combining contrast-enhanced ultrasound with serology predicts hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence after hepatectomy

Table 1 Basic characteristics

	Total	Non-recurrence	Recurrence	P value
Diameter (mean ± SD, cm)	3.9 ± 2.3	3.2 ± 1.5	4.8 ± 2.8	< 0.001
Age (mean ± SD, yr)	55.7 ± 11.2	54.9 ± 11.3	56.7 ± 11.1	0.17
ALT (mean ± SD, U/L)	35.5 ± 30.1	31.5 ± 21.4	40.7 ± 38.1	0.016
AST (mean ± SD, U/L)	36.1 ± 34.6	30.4 ± 15.3	43.5 ± 48.9	0.11
PLT (mean ± SD, /L)	150.2 ± 66.4	145.0 ± 62.9	157.2 ± 70.4	0.16
ALB (mean ± SD, g/L)	38.8 ± 4.6	38.7 ± 4.8	38.9 ± 4.3	0.94
TBIL (mean ± SD, μmol/L)	17.6 ± 8.9	16.9 ± 8.3	18.6 ± 9.6	0.16
Cr (mean ± SD, μmol/L)	74.0 ± 17.5	74.3 ± 19.8	73.6 ± 14.0	0.42
PT (mean ± SD, s)	13.8 ± 1.2	13.9 ± 1.2	13.8 ± 1.3	0.49
PTA(mean ± SD, )	92.6 ± 14.9	92.3 ± 13.7	92.9 ± 16.3	0.91
INR (mean ± SD)	1.1 ± 0.1	1.1 ± 0.1	1.1 ± 0.1	0.97
Start time (mean ± SD, s)	16.8 ± 3.7	17.1 ± 3.9	16.5 ± 3.5	0.17
Peak time (mean ± SD, s)	24.1 ± 5.6	24.1 ± 5.3	24.0 ± 6.0	0.45
Iso-time (mean ± SD, s)	39.1 ± 16.9	40.9 ± 19.8	36.8 ± 11.7	0.079
Washout time (mean ± SD, s)	94.8 ± 63.3	98.5 ± 63.3	89.8 ± 63.3	0.11
Sex, n (%)
Male	238 (81.5)	129 (77.7)	109 (86.5)	0.068
Female	54 (18.5)	37 (22.3)	17 (13.5)
LIRADS, n (%)
3	10 (3.4)	8 (4.8)	2 (1.6)	< 0.001
4	176 (60.3)	118 (71.1)	58 (46.0)
5	95 (32.5)	37 (22.3)	58 (46.0)
6	11 (3.8)	3 (1.8)	8 (6.3)
AFP [n (%), μg/L]
< 20	193 (66.1)	133 (80.1)	60 (47.6)	< 0.001
20-200	32 (11.0)	13 (7.8)	19 (15.1)
> 200	67 (22.9)	20 (12.0)	47 (37.3)
Enhancement type, n (%)
Non-fast-in fast-out	42 (14.4)	24 (14.5)	18 (14.3)	1.00
Fast-in fast-out	250 (85.6)	142 (85.5)	108 (85.7)
Wash-in type, n (%)
Non-fast-in	4 (1.4)	2 (1.2)	2 (1.6)	1.00
Fast-in	288 (98.6)	164 (98.8)	124 (98.4)
Washout type, n (%)
Non-fast-out	80 (27.4)	41 (24.7)	39 (31.0)	0.29
Fast-out	212 (72.6)	125 (75.3)	87 (69.0)
Enhancement type, n (%)
Homogeneous enhancement	223 (76.4)	127 (76.5)	96 (76.2)	1.00
Inhomogeneous enhancement	69 (23.6)	39 (23.5)	30 (23.8)
Location, n (%)
Half liver	261 (89.4)	148 (89.2)	113 (89.7)	1.00
Non-half liver	31 (10.6)	18 (10.8)	13 (10.3)

ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; PLT: Platelet; AFP: Alpha-fetoprotein; ALB: Albumin; TBIL: Total bilirubin; Cr: Serum creatinine; PT: Prothrombin time; PTA: Prothrombin time activity; INR: International normalized ratio; LIRADS: Liver imaging reporting and data system.

Table 2 Cox model

	β	P value	HR	95.0%CI
				Lower	Upper
LIRADS	0.356	0.019	1.428	1.059	1.925
AFP	0.436	0.000	1.547	1.245	1.922
Diameter	0.116	0.003	1.123	1.041	1.211
Age	0.009	0.319	1.009	0.991	1.027
ALT	0.007	0.075	1.007	0.999	1.014
AST	0.003	0.322	1.003	0.997	1.008
PLT	0.002	0.225	1.002	0.999	1.005
TBIL	0.019	0.052	1.019	1.000	1.039
Start time	-0.032	0.229	0.968	0.918	1.021
Out time	-0.001	0.595	0.999	0.996	1.002
Sex	-0.270	0.312	0.763	0.453	1.288

LIRADS: Liver imaging reporting and data system; AFP: Alpha-fetoprotein; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; PLT: Platelet; TBIL: Total bilirubin.