Clinically significant endoscopic findings in patients of dyspepsia with no warning symptoms: A cross-sectional study

Table 1 Clinical characteristics of patients with different endoscopic findings and univariate analysis of all relevant variables

	Total, n = 1016	General lesions, n = 712	Esophageal lesions, n = 180	Peptic ulcer, n = 115	Malignancy, n = 9	F value	χ2 value	P value
Age	49.60 ± 15.36	49.51 ± 15.20	52.22 ± 15.19	45.07 ± 15.44	62.33 ± 13.63	7.289		< 0.001
Male	376 (37.0)	236 (33.1)	82 (45.6)	54 (47.0)	4 (44.4)		15.075	0.002
BMI	22.44 ± 3.66	22.08 ± 3.18	23.47 ± 4.40	23.03 ± 4.43	23.88 ± 7.08	8.093		0.003
Epigastric pain	579 (57.0)	391 (54.9)	102 (56.7)	79 (68.7)	7 (77.8)		9.609	0.022
Epigastric burning	353 (34.7)	243 (34.1)	61 (33.9)	46 (40.0)	3 (33.3)		1.557	0.669
Bloating	672 (66.1)	471 (66.2)	120 (66.7)	73 (63.5)	8 (88.9)		2.883	0.410
Belching	445 (43.8)	316 (44.4)	78 (43.3)	47 (40.9)	4 (44.4)		0.519	0.915
Early satiety	221 (21.8)	158 (22.2)	36 (20.0)	26 (22.6)	1 (11.1)		1.157	0.763
Nausea	230 (22.6)	165 (23.2)	38 (21.1)	24 (20.9)	3 (33.3)		1.105	0.776
H. pylori positive	253 (25.1)	152 (21.5)	33 (18.6)	66 (57.9)	2 (22.2)		64.204	< 0.001

BMI: Body mass index; H. pylori: Helicobacter pylori.

Table 2 Comparison of clinical and endoscopic characteristics of patients with epigastric pain syndrome, postprandial distress syndrome and overlap syndrome

Variables	EPS, n = 267	PDS, n = 398	EPS-PDS, n = 351	F value	χ2 value	P value
Gender, male/female	98/169	156/242	122/229		1.590	0.452
Age	48.01 ± 16.21	50.94 ± 15.09	49.30 ± 14.90	3.025		0.049
BMI	22.08 ± 3.27	22.62 ± 3.86	22.52 ± 3.69	1.746		0.175
CSFs	97 (36.3)	96 (24.1)	111 (31.6)		12.101	0.002
Esophageal lesions	54 (20.2)	63 (15.8)	63 (17.9)		2.138	0.343
Peptic ulcer	40 (15.0)	31 (7.8)	44 (12.5)		9.026	0.011
Malignancy	3 (1.1)	2 (0.5)	4 (1.1)		1.184	0.553
H. pylori positive	65 (24.5)	101 (25.7)	87 (25.0)		0.122	0.941

BMI: Body mass index; CSFs: Clinically significant findings; EPS: Epigastric pain syndrome; H. pylori: Helicobacter pylori; PDS: Postprandial distress syndrome.

Table 3 Endoscopic findings in in dyspepsia patients with no warning features

Endoscopic diagnosis	n (%)
General lesions	712 (70.1)
Chronic superficial gastritis	479 (47.1)
Chronic atrophic gastritis	233 (22.9)
Clinically significant findings	304 (29.9)
Esophageal lesions	180 (17.7)
Reflux esophagitis	165 (16.2)
Los Angeles class A	148 (14.6)
Los Angeles classes B and C	17 (1.7)
Barrett’s esophagus	5 (0.5)
Other esophageal lesions	10 (1.0)
Peptic ulcer	115 (11.3)
Gastric ulcer	49 (4.8)
Duodenal ulcer	44 (4.3)
Compound ulcer	22 (2.2)
Malignancy	9 (0.9)
Gastric cancer	8 (0.8)
Esophageal cancer	1 (0.1)

Other esophageal lesions: Esophageal ulcer, esophageal hiatus hernia and mycotic esophagitis.

Table 4 Multivariate analysis of various risk factors associated with clinically significant findings

Risk factors	B value	SE value	Wald value	P value	OR value	95%CI
Gender1	0.56	0.15	14.27	< 0.001	1.758	1.312-2.356
BMI2	0.51	0.18	7.97	0.005	1.660	1.168-2.360
Epigastric pain3	0.35	0.15	5.53	0.019	1.423	1.060-1.909
H. pylori4	0.67	1.16	17.28	< 0.001	1.949	1.423-2.670

¹Female as control.

²Body mass index ≤ 25 as control.

³Not occur as control.

⁴Helicobacter pylori negative as control.

BMI: Body mass index; CI: Confidence interval; H. pylori: Helicobacter pylori; OR: Odds ratio.

Table 5 Comparison of the occurrence between clinically significant findings at different ages

Age	Total (%)	General lesions (%)	Esophageal lesions (%)	Peptic ulcer (%)	Malignancy (%)	χ2 value	P value
< 30	125 (12.3)	88 (70.4)	16 (12.8)	21 (16.8)	0 (0.0)	18.094	0.004
30-49	337 (33.2)	232 (68.8)	55 (16.3)	49 (14.5)	1 (0.3)
≥ 50	554 (54.5)	392 (70.8)	109 (19.7)	45 (8.1)a	8 (1.4)

^aP < 0.017, compared with the other two age subgroups.