Case Report
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2021.
World J Clin Cases. May 6, 2021; 9(13): 3130-3139
Published online May 6, 2021. doi: 10.12998/wjcc.v9.i13.3130
Table 1 Case series
Case
Year
GA
MG
Risk Factors
Symptoms
Treatment and outcome
12012G3P131NoneConstipation, tenesmus, fatigue, vulva edema renal failureIndwelling catheter; miscarriage
22018G1P027IVF-ET, prior abdominal surgery for TBUrinary retentionIntermittent; self-catheterization; herbs; normal pregnancy
32018G2P031NoneUrine frequency and urgency, urinary retentionManual reduction, knee-chest position; herbs. Normal pregnancy
Table 2 Summary of case reports of acute urinary retention in early and second trimester pregnancy in the English language literature (between 1980 and 2018)
Ref.
Year
Case
MA, G/P
Risk factor
Reason
GA in wk
Presentation
Treatment
Outcome
Goldberg et al[4]1981129/G4P2NoneProlapsed, progressive protrusion of gravid cervix out of the vestibule10AURIDC; cystoscopy; pessaryNo recurrence
Chauleur et al[7]200821st: 33, G2P0; 2nd: 41, G1P0FibroidFibroid incarceration1st: 5; 2nd: 61st: AUR; 2nd: Frequent and urgent, small volume urinationMyomectomy1st: Miscarriage; 2nd: Normal pregnancy
Kubota et al[3]2012131/not mentionedProtrusion of the meningesASM28DysuriaISCCS at 35 wk
Nelson et al[26]1986130/G3P2Incarcerated uterus14Dysuria and abdominal painIDC MRAn uneventful pregnancy
Yang et al[13]2004531 (range, 25-37)/3 cases: G2P1; 2 cases: G1P0Not mentionedNot mentioned11-14All AURWater-limiting before sleep, prone position for a while before urination, leaning forward when initiating voiding, avoiding any ValsalvaNo voiding problems after 16th wk
Lam et al[27]2015131/G5P1RUTI, laparoscopy for PIDIncarcerated uterus18Urinary frequency and urgency, dysuriaAntibiotics, IDCAn uncomplicated pregnancy
Heazell et al[8]2004133/G3P2NoneCervical pregnancy8AUR, abdominal pain and vaginal bleedingEmergency evacuation, laparotomyHysterectomy
Newell et al[15]201421st: 41/G1P0; 2nd: 33/G2P1NoneRetroverted uterus with incarceration1st: 17; 2nd: 141st: UR and constipation; lower limb edema and hypertension. 2nd: UR1st: MR; 2nd: ISC1st: Fetal death after reduction; 2nd: An uncomplicated pregnancy
Slama et al[23]201531st: 37/G6P2; 2nd: 42/G5P3; 3rd: 22/G15P5NoneUterine incarceration1st: 13; 2nd: 13; 3rd: 211st: UR; 2nd: UR; 3rd: UR, nausea1st: ISC, Pessary; 2nd: ISC, Pessary; 3rd: PessarySymptoms alleviation
Inaba et al[25]200521st: 27/G1P0; 2nd: 32/G3P01st: Prolapse uterus IVF; 2nd: EndometriosisUterine incarceration1st: 11; 2nd: 141st: UR; 2nd: UR1st: KCP, MR; 2nd: MR many times1st: no recurrence; 2nd: not relieved, uterine rupture at 34 wk, CS
Danis et al[12]2015125/G1P0NoneRetroverted uterus without incarceration18URMR, colonoscopy-assisted rectosigmoid insufflationAn uneventful pregnancy
Kim et al[6]201821st: 34/multiparous; 2nd: 31/primigravid aAdenomyosis and myomaIncarceration of uterus1st: 7.2; 2nd: 61st: UR; 2nd: UR1st: MR, pessary; 2nd: IDC, MR1st: An uncompleted pregnancy; 2nd: A spontaneous abortion
Dierickx et al[21]201141st: 39/G1P0; 2nd: 29/G1P0; 3rd: 28/G3P2; 4th: 34/G2P11st: Endometriosis; 2nd: Deep sacral concavity with prominent promontorium; 3rd: None; 4th: NoneIncarcerated uterus1st: 22; 2nd: 22, 25; 3rd: 15; 4th: 181st: UR and abdominal pain; 2nd: Dysuria and incomplete bladder emptying; 3rd: UR; 4th: MictalgiaAll sigmoidoscopy1st, 3rd, 4th: Successful; 2nd: 22 wk successful/25 wk not successful, laparotomy1st and 3st: Vaginal delivery at term; 2nd and 4th: CS at term
Yohannes et al[24]20021Not mentioned/G2P1NoneIncarcerated uterus15UR and abdominal painIDC, MR, KCPNo urologic problem
Suzuki et al[28]200921st: 26/G1P0; 2nd: 26/G1P0NoneRetroverted uterus1st: 12; 2nd: 121st: UR; 2nd: URBoth: IDC, limiting fluid intake before sleep; prone position for a while before urination
Smalbraak et al[5]199141st: 31/G2P1; 2nd: 28/G2P1; 3rd: 26/G2P0; 4th: 34/G2P1NoneRetroverted uterus1st: 15; 2nd: 12, 25; 3rd: 16; 4th: 141st: UR and abdominal pain; 2nd: Abdominal pain and micturition; 3rd: Unpalpable uterine fundus; 4th: Micturition, abdominal pain1st: IDC MR; 2nd: None; 3rd: MR; 4th: Antibiotics1st: A normal pregnancy; 2nd: CS at term for breech presentation; 3st: CS at 32 wk
Martínez-Varea et al[22]2013135/G7P1Uterine prolapse (grade 2)Uterine prolapse14 + 3Hypogastric pain, unable to void urineIDC, Arabin ceralage pessaryNo urologic problem
Hamod et al[17]2002127/G1P0Fundal fibroidIncarcerated Uterus18Urinary frequency, passing small volumes of urineISC; antibiotics for fibroid degenerationCS at 36 wk