Computed tomography-based score model/nomogram for predicting technical and midterm outcomes in transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt treatment for symptomatic portal cavernoma

Table 1 Patient demographic characteristics

Parameter	All patients (n = 76)	Success group (n = 59)	Failure group (n = 17)	P value
Age (yr)	52.3 ± 14.7	51.1 ± 11.9	55.2 ± 17.9	0.156
Gender (man/woman)	45/31	35/24	10/7	0.245
Etiology of cirrhosis (n)				0.346
Hepatitis/non-hepatitis	64/12	52/7	12/5
Manifestation of liver disease (n)				0.078
Varices	54	43	11
Ascites	9	6	3
Hepatic hydrothorax	6	4	2
Abdominal pain	7	6	1
Splenectomy (Yes/No)	12/64	8/51	4/13	0.036
Child-Pugh class A/B/C	49/20/7	39/16/4	10/4/3	0.136
Child-Pugh score	6.71 ± 1.44	7.18 ± 1.19	6.14 ± 1.23	0.267
Baseline MELD score	20.31 ± 14.72	19.24 ± 15.23	22.46 ± 12.16	0.035
Laboratory test
Total bilirubin (μmol/L)	24.10 ± 13.14	23.22 ± 15.19	26.19 ± 11.33	0.216
International normalized ratio	1.33 ± 0.12	1.24 ± 0.11	1.34 ± 0.17	0.145
Albumin (g/L)	30.11 ± 5.81	29.99 ± 4.85	31.44 ± 7.87	0.256
Blood urea nitrogen (mmol/L)	5.49 ± 2.12	5.26 ± 2.22	5.76 ± 2.36	0.167
Serum creatinine (μmol/L)	66.22 ± 17.17	64.30 ± 19.79	67.25 ± 17.67	0.267
Sodium (mmol/L)	132.04 ± 5.33	134.41 ± 4.32	134.01 ± 7.38	0.378
Prothrombin time (s)	13.72 ± 1.95	14.48 ± 1.97	12.99 ± 1.49	0.314
Hemoglobin (g/L)	93.22 ± 20.53	95.12 ± 28.52	92.02 ± 17.35	0.289
White blood cells (109/L)	7.05 ± 1.19	7.55 ± 1.19	6.29 ± 2.48	0.179
Platelets (109/L)	150.12 ± 126.60	148.22 ± 119.69	154.21 ± 121.61	0.089
Alanine aminotransferase (U/L)	31.42 ± 15.71	28.43 ± 17.01	32.22 ± 14.08	0.067
Aspartate aminotransferase (U/L)	26.34 ± 12.12	26.31 ± 13.69	27.19 ± 18.76	0.261
Alkaline phosphatase (U/L)	89.56 ± 47.91	80.22 ± 54.49	90.33 ± 44.19	0.213
CTPV score (n)				0.021
1 score	6	6	0
2 score	21	19	2
3 score	34	27	7
4 score	15	6	9

MELD: Model of end-stage liver diseases; CTPV: Cavernous transformation of the portal vein.

Table 2 Univariate and multivariate analyses for technical success

Variable	Univariate analysis		Multivariate analysis
	OR (95%CI)	P value	OR (95%CI)	P value
Age	1.16 (0.99-1.35)	0.123
Gender	2.37 (0.42-5.38)	0.076
Etiology of cirrhosis	6.16 (0.23-9.22)	0.065
Manifestation of liver disease
Varices	0.97 (0.12-1.78)	0.068
Ascites	3.68 (1.51-5.49)	0.032
Hepatic hydrothorax	5.24 (0.45-7.22)	0.189
Abdominal pain	3.22 (0.12-7.21)	0.112
Splenectomy	2.22 (0.21-4.36)	0.156
Child-Pugh score	5.70 (1.78-8.92)	0.029
Baseline MELD score	4.36 (0.45-8.31)	0.061
CTPV score	7.70 (1.78-13.92)	0.012	5.56 (3.55-9.67)	0.002

Only variables with a P value < 0.2 in the univariate analysis are shown. Variables selected into the univariate analysis were age, gender, etiology of cirrhosis, manifestation of liver disease, splenectomy, Child-Pugh score, baseline model of end-stage liver diseases score, laboratory tests, and cavernous transformation of the portal vein score. MELD: Model of end-stage liver diseases; CTPV: Cavernous transformation of the portal vein; CI: Confidence interval; OR: Odds ratio.

Table 3 Univariate and multivariate analyses for midterm shunt dysfunction

Variable	Univariate analysis		Multivariate analysis
	HR (95%CI)	P value	HR (95%CI)	P value
Age	3.22 (0.34-6.35)	0.191
Gender	1.37 (0.33-3.22)	0.087
Etiology of cirrhosis	7.16 (0.23-11.22)	0.076
Manifestation of liver disease
Varices	2.23 (0.78-4.18)	0.162
Ascites	2.58 (1.21-6.41)	0.079
Hepatic hydrothorax	3.14 (0.33-5.22)	0.198
Abdominal pain	2.22 (0.67-5.21)	0.134
Splenectomy	1.22 (0.56-3.37)	0.132	4.67 (2.59-7.44)	0.017
Child-Pugh score	3.23 (0.89-6.32)	0.147
Baseline MELD score	2.36 (0.49-5.41)	0.078
CTPV score	7.70 (1.78-13.92)	0.012	9.22 (4.78-13.45)	0.009

Only variables with a P value < 0.2 in the univariate analysis are shown. Variables selected into the univariate analysis were age, gender, etiology of cirrhosis, manifestations of liver disease, splenectomy, Child-Pugh score, baseline model of end-stage liver diseases score, laboratory tests, and cavernous transformation of the portal vein score. MELD: Model of end-stage liver diseases; CTPV: Cavernous transformation of the portal vein; CI: Confidence interval; HR: Hazard ratio.