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©The Author(s) 2020.
World J Clin Cases. Oct 6, 2020; 8(19): 4633-4643
Published online Oct 6, 2020. doi: 10.12998/wjcc.v8.i19.4633
Published online Oct 6, 2020. doi: 10.12998/wjcc.v8.i19.4633
Table 1 Basic characteristics and manifestations of reviewed solitary hepatic lymphangioma
No. | Ref. | Year | Age | Sex | Manifestation |
1 | Kohashi et al[32] | 2017 | 50 yr | F | Epigastric discomfort |
2 | Lee et al[14] | 2016 | 42 yr | F | Right upper abdominal pain |
3 | Zouari et al[21] | 2015 | 8 mo | M | Abdominal distention |
4 | Nakano et al[19] | 2015 | 18 yr | F | Epigastric pain |
5 | Liu et al[22] | 2014 | 41 yr | M | Right upper abdominal pain |
6 | Zhang et al[4] | 2013 | 42 yr | F | None |
7 | Nazarewski et al[10] | 2013 | 41 yr | F | None |
8 | Peña Ros et al[17] | 2013 | 20 yr | F | Abdominal pain |
9 | Ak et al[18] | 2012 | 58 yr | F | Weight loss |
10 | Huang et al[23] | 2010 | 35 yr | M | Right upper abdominal pain |
11 | Matsumoto et al[1] | 2010 | 52 yr | F | Upper abdominal pain |
12 | Shahi et al[24] | 2009 | 22 d | M | Abdominal distension |
13 | Zeidan et al[25] | 2008 | 23 yr | M | Abdominal pain or vomiting |
14 | Stunell et al[36] | 2009 | 30 yr | F | Right upper quadrant pain |
15 | Nzegwu et al[26] | 2007 | 4 mo | M | Abdominal distension |
16 | Chan et al[28] | 2005 | 15 yr | F | Upper abdominal pain |
17 | Koh et al[29] | 2000 | 6 mo | M | Abdominal girth |
18 | Stavropoulos et al[20] | 1994 | 64 yr | M | Epigastric pain |
19 | Clerici et al[27] | 1989 | ND | F | ND |
Table 2 Imaging of reviewed solitary hepatic lymphangioma
No. | Ultrasound | CT | MRI |
1 | Low-echoic, unilocular cystic mass | Low density, non-enhancement | ND |
2 | Mixed-echoic, mass with cystic and solid components | Low density, non-enhancement | ND |
3 | Unilocular cystic mass | Low density, non-enhancement | ND |
4 | Mixed-echoic, mass with cystic and solid components | Low density, non-enhancement | Mixed signal |
5 | Mixed-echoic, mass with cystic and solid components | Low density, heterogeneous enhancement | ND |
6 | Mixed-echoic, mass with cystic and solid components | Low density, non-enhancement for cystic region, enhancement for septa | ND |
7 | Non-echoic, multilocular cystic mass | Low density, non-enhancement for cystic region, enhancement for septa | Enhancement for septa on T1 |
8 | ND | Low density, non-enhancement | ND |
9 | ND | Low density, non-enhancement for cystic region, enhancement for septa | Low signal on T1, high signal on T2 |
10 | Non-echoic, multilocular cystic mass | Heterogeneous density | Mixed signal on T2 |
11 | Mixed-echoic, mass with cystic and solid components | Low density, non-enhancement for cystic region, enhancement for septa | Low signal on T1, high signal on T2 |
12 | Unilocular cystic mass | Low density | ND |
13 | Multilocular cystic mass | ND | Low signal, enhancement for septa on T1 |
14 | Non-echoic, multilocular cystic mass | Low density, non-enhancement for cystic region, enhancement for septa | ND |
15 | Multilocular cystic mass | ND | ND |
16 | ND | Low density, non-enhancement for cystic region, enhancement for septa | ND |
17 | Multilocular cystic mass | Low density | ND |
18 | Mixed-echoic, mass with cystic and solid components | Low density | ND |
19 | Unilocular cystic mass | Low density | ND |
Table 3 Initial diagnosis and surgical findings of reviewed cases
No. | Initial diagnosis | Location | Number | Size in cm | Texture | Type of surgery |
1 | Hepatic cyst | Hepatoduodenal ligament | 1 | 13 × 10 | Unilocular cyst with serous fluid | LPR/CR |
2 | Hepatic cystadenoma/cystadenocarcinoma | Segments 7 and 8 | 1 | 23 × 30 | Multilocular cyst with bloody fluid | CR |
3 | ND | Right lobe | 1 | 14.9 × 10.7 × 9.7 | Unilocular cyst | CR |
4 | Rupture of a hepatic tumor | Left lobe | 1 | 12.0 × 9.5 | Multilocular cyst with blood clot | CR |
5 | Bile duct cyst/biliary cystadenoma/cystadenocarcinoma/hydatid cyst | Segment 2 | 1 | 16.2 × 13.0 × 4.3 | Multilocular cyst with serous fluid | CR |
6 | Hepatic hemangioma/cystadenocarcinoma | Right lobe | 1 | 23 × 15 × 7 | Multilocular cyst with brownish fluid | CR |
7 | Hepatic cyst | Gallbladder and hepatoduodenal ligament | 1 | 13.0 × 5.5 × 6.5 | Multilocular cyst with serous fluid | CR |
8 | ND | Segment 5 | 1 | 15 × 9 | Unilocular cyst | CR |
9 | Liver malignancy | Segment 5 | 1 | 3.0 × 2.2 × 1.5 | Multilocular cyst with mucoid fluid | CR |
10 | Cystadenoma/cystadenocarcinoma/hepatic cyst with bleeding | Segments 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 | 1 | 25 × 23 | Multilocular cyst with blood clot | CR |
11 | Sclerosing hemangioma/biliary cystadenoma/cystadenocarcinoma | Segment 4 | 1 | 3 | Multilocular cyst with mucoid fluid and solid content | CR |
12 | Uncertainty | Right lobe | 1 | 9.6 × 8.0 × 13.0 | Unilocular cyst with yellowish fluid | CR |
13 | ND | Right lobe | 1 | 12.6 × 9.4 × 11.5 | Multilocular cyst with serous fluid | CR |
14 | Hepatic cyst | Gallbladder | 1 | 15.2 × 9.4 | Multilocular cyst with serous fluid | CR |
15 | Hepatic cyst | Right lobe | 1 | ND | Multilocular cyst with serous fluid | CR |
16 | Hepatic lymphangioma | Segments 4 5, 6 | 1 | 21 × 20 × 6 | Multilocular cyst with brownish fluid | CR |
17 | Lymphangioma/mesenteric cyst | Segment 4 | 1 | 20 × 14 | Multilocular cyst | CR |
18 | Uncertainty | Segment 3 | 1 | 4 | Sponge-like cyst with chylous fluid and blood | CR |
19 | Hydatid cyst | ND | 1 | ND | Cystic | Resection |
Table 4 Histology and follow-up of reviewed solitary hepatic lymphangioma
No. | Histology | VWF | CD-31 | CD-34 | D2-40 | LYVE-1 | Prox-1 | Discharged in d | Follow-up in mo | Prognosis |
1 | Cystic lymphangioma | ND | ND | - | + | ND | ND | ND | 24 | Alive/disease free |
2 | Cystic lymphangioma | ND | + | ND | ND | ND | ND | 10 | 18 | Alive/disease free |
3 | Cystic lymphangioma | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND |
4 | Cystic lymphangioma | ND | + | ND | + | ND | ND | 8 | 48 | Alive/disease free |
5 | Cystic lymphangioma | ND | ND | - | ND | ND | ND | ND | 30 | Alive/disease free |
6 | Cystic lymphangioma | ND | ND | + | - | ND | ND | ND | 24 | Alive/disease free |
7 | Cystic lymphangioma | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | Alive/disease free |
8 | Cystic lymphangioma | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND |
9 | Cavernous lymphangioma | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND |
10 | Cystic lymphangioma | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 17 | Alive/disease free |
11 | Cystic lymphangioma | - | + | + | + | + | + | ND | 6 | Alive/disease free |
12 | Cystic lymphangioma | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 5 | 1 | Alive/disease free |
13 | Cystic lymphangioma | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 24 | Alive/disease free |
14 | Cystic lymphangioma | ND | + | ND | ND | ND | ND | 4 | ND | ND |
15 | Cystic lymphangioma | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 4 | Alive/disease free |
16 | Cystic lymphangioma | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 18 | Alive/disease free |
17 | Cystic lymphangioma | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 3 | Alive/disease free |
18 | Cavernous lymphangioma | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 7 | 24 | Alive/disease free |
19 | Cystic lymphangioma | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND |
- Citation: Long X, Zhang L, Cheng Q, Chen Q, Chen XP. Solitary hepatic lymphangioma mimicking liver malignancy: A case report and literature review. World J Clin Cases 2020; 8(19): 4633-4643
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2307-8960/full/v8/i19/4633.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.12998/wjcc.v8.i19.4633