Prognostic factors for overall survival in prostate cancer patients with different site-specific visceral metastases: A study of 1358 patients

doi:10.12998/wjcc.v8.i1.54

Advanced Search

BPG is committed to discovery and dissemination of knowledge

Home / Archive / Volume 8, Issue 1

This Article

Academic Content and Language Evaluation of This Article

CrossCheck and Google Search of This Article

Academic Rules and Norms of This Article

Citation of this article

Corresponding Author of This Article

Research Domain of This Article

Article-Type of This Article

Open-Access Policy of This Article

Times Cited Counts in Google of This Article

Number of Hits and Downloads for This Article

Total Article Views (9872)

All Articles published online

The chart showing PDF series, WORD series, HTML series, Figures (1-2) series, Tables (1-7) series.

Item

Count

PDF

503

WORD

176

HTML

4777

Figures (1-2)

342

Tables (1-7)

332

Sum=6130

Featured Article

The chart showing Browse series, Download series.

Item

Count

Browse

593

Download

814

Sum=1407

Publishing Process of This Article

Item

Count

Browse

654

Download

1681

Sum=2335

Jan 6, 2020 (publication date) through Feb 2, 2025

Times Cited of This Article

Times Cited (16)

Journal Information of This Article

Publication Name

World Journal of Clinical Cases

ISSN

2307-8960

Publisher of This Article

Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

Retrospective Study

World J Clin Cases. Jan 6, 2020; 8(1): 54-67
Published online Jan 6, 2020. doi: 10.12998/wjcc.v8.i1.54

Table 1 Clinicopathological characteristics of 1358 prostate cancer patients with visceral metastases

Variable		n (%)
Marital status	Married	981 (72.2)
	Never married	303 (22.3)
	Unknown	74 (5.4)
Age (yr)	≤ 70	698 (51.4)
Age (yr)	> 70	660 (48.6)
Race	Black	305 (22.5)
	White	962 (70.8)
	Other	87 (6.4)
	Unknown	4 (0.3)
Grade	I/II	52 (3.8)
	III/IV	665 (49.0)
	Unknown	641 (47.2)
T stage	T1/T2	520 (38.3)
	T3/T4	344 (25.3)
	Unknown	494 (36.4)
N stage	N0	586 (43.2)
	N1	442 (32.5)
	Unknown	330 (24.3)
PSA (ng/mL)	≤ 10	136 (10.0)
	> 10	1021 (75.2)
	Unknown	201 (14.8)
Gleason score	≤ 8	307 (22.6)
	9	280 (20.6)
	10	76 (5.6)
	Unknown	695 (51.2)
Bone metastases	No	280 (20.6)
	Yes	1071 (78.9)
	Unknown	7 (0.5)
Number of metastatic sites	1	1154 (85.0)
Number of metastatic sites	> 1	204 (15.0)

Table 2 Patterns and frequencies of visceral metastases

Number of sites of visceral metastases	n
One	1154
Lung	733
Brain	94
Liver	327
Two	187
Lung + Brain	24
Lung + Liver	158
Liver + Brain	5
Three	17
Lung + Brain + Liver	17

Table 3 Univariate and multivariable Cox regression analyses of prognostic factors affecting overall survival in prostate cancer patients with a single site of visceral metastasis

Variable	Univariate analysis			Multiple analysis
Variable	HR	95%CI	P value	HR	95%CI	P value
Marital status
Married	Ref.
Never married	1.030	0.873-1.215	0.726
Unknown	NA	NA	NA
Age (yr)
≤ 70	Ref.			Ref.
> 70	1.557	1.353-1.792	< 0.001	1.593	1.265-2.007	< 0.001
Race
Black	Ref.
White	1.140	0.963-1.351	0.129
Other	0.788	0.565-1.100	0.162
Unknown	NA	NA	NA
Grade¹
I/II	Ref.			Ref.
III/IV	1.577	1.005-2.473	0.047	1.125	0.642-1.973	0.681
Unknown	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA
T stage
T1/T2	Ref.			Ref.
T3/T4	1.239	1.034-1.486	0.020	1.025	0.799-1.314	0.849
Unknown	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA
N stage
N0	Ref.
N1	1.162	0.988-1.368	0.070
Unknown	NA	NA	NA
PSA (ng/mL)
≤ 10	Ref.
> 10	0.887	0.698-1.129	0.331
Unknown	NA	NA	NA
Gleason score
≤ 8	Ref.			Ref.
> 8	1.736	1.401-2.151	< 0.001	1.609	1.260-2.055	< 0.001
Unknown	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA
Bone metastases
No	Ref.			Ref.
Yes	1.282	1.071-1.534	0.007	1.406	1.053-1.877	0.021
Unknown	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA
Lung	Ref.			Ref.
Brain	1.548	1.209-1.983	0.001	1.257	0.778-2.029	0.350
Liver	1.682	1.444-1.959	< 0.001	1.857	1.460-2.361	< 0.001

¹I: Well differentiated; II: Moderately differentiated; III: Poorly differentiated; IV: Undifferentiated. All variables with Unknown Data did not fit in Cox and Kaplan–Meier model. NA: Not available; PSA: Prostate-specific antigen.

Table 4 Univariate and multivariable Cox regression analyses of prognostic factors affecting overall survival in prostate cancer patients with multiple sites of visceral metastasis

Variable	Univariate analysis			Multivariable analysis
Variable	HR	95%CI	P value	HR	95%CI	P value
Marital status
Married	Ref.
Never married	0.817	0.536-1.246	0.348
Unknown	NA	NA	NA
Age (yr)
≤ 70	Ref.			Ref.
> 70	1.545	1.137-2.101	0.005	2.354	1.337-4.145	0.003
Race
Black	Ref.
White	0.964	0.649-1.430	0.855
Other	1.178	0.577-2.406	0.653
Unknown	NA	NA	NA
Grade¹
I/II	Ref.
III/IV	1.607	0.587-4.399	0.356
Unknown	NA	NA	NA
T stage
T1/T2	Ref.			Ref.
T3/T4	2.127	1.410-3.208	< 0.001	2.086	1.203-3.617	0.009
Unknown	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA
N stage
N0	Ref.
N1	0.936	0.648-1.352	0.724
Unknown	NA	NA	NA
PSA (ng/mL)
≤ 10	Ref.
> 10	0.763	0.496-1.173	0.218
Unknown	NA	NA	NA
Gleason score
≤ 8	Ref.			Ref.
> 8	1.713	1.073-2.735	0.024	2.203	1.243-3.905	0.007
Unknown	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA
No	Ref.
Yes	0.827	0.569-1.203	0.321
Unknown	NA	NA	NA

¹I: Well differentiated; II: Moderately differentiated; III: Poorly differentiated; IV: Undifferentiated. All variables with Unknown Data did not fit to Cox and Kaplan–Meier model. NA: Not available; PSA: Prostate-specific antigen.

Table 5 Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses of prognostic factors affecting overall survival in prostate cancer patients with visceral metastases

Variable	Univariate analysis			Multivariate analysis
Variable	HR	95%CI	P value	HR	95%CI	P value
Marital status
Married	Ref.
Never married	0.984	0.844-1.147	0.838
unknown	NA	NA	NA
Age (yr)
≤ 70	Ref.			Ref.
> 70	1.543	1.358-1.753	< 0.001	1.672	1.353-2.065	< 0.001
Race
Black	Ref.
White	1.130	0.967-1.320	0.125
Other	0.838	0.620-1.134	0.252
Unknown	NA	NA	NA
Grade¹
I/II	Ref.			Ref.
III/IV	1.586	1.052-2.392	0.028	1.158	0.695-1.927	0.573
Unknown	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA
T stage
T1/T2	Ref.			Ref.
T3/T4	1.352	1.147-1.594	< 0.001	1.236	0.990-1.543	0.061
Unknown	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA
N stage
N0	Ref.
N1	1.143	0.985-1.327	0.078
Unknown	NA	NA	NA
PSA (ng/mL)
≤ 10	Ref.
> 10	0.836	0.678-1.030	0.092
Unknown	NA	NA	NA
Gleason score
≤ 8	Ref.			Ref.
> 8	1.710	1.407-2.077	< 0.001	1.636	1.308-2.047	< 0.001
Unknown	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA
Bone metastases
No	Ref.			Ref.
Yes	1.205	1.025-1.417	0.024	1.323	1.019-1.716	0.035
Unknown	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA
1	Ref.			Ref.
> 1	1.446	1.222-1.712	< 0.001	1.850	1.396-2.451	< 0.001

Table 6 Univariate Cox regression analysis of prognostic factors affecting overall survival in prostate cancer patients with lung, brain, and liver metastases

Variable	Lung			Brain			Liver
Variable	HR	95%CI	P value	HR	95%CI	P value	HR	95%CI	P value
Marital status
Married	Ref.			Ref.			Ref.
Never married	0.924	0.757-1.127	0.436	1.169	0.738-1.853	0.506	0.950	0.754-1.198	0.667
Unknown	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA
Age (yr)
≤ 70	Ref.			Ref.			Ref.
> 70	1.728	1.471-2.029	< 0.001	1.502	1.025-2.202	0.037	1.349	1.111-1.637	0.003
Race
Black	Ref.			Ref.			Ref.
White	1.078	0.888-1.310	0.447	1.130	0.685-1.865	0.632	1.130	0.892-1.432	0.310
Other	0.824	0.572-1.187	0.299	1.562	0.652-3.741	0.317	0.923	0.568-1.499	0.745
Unknown	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA
Grade¹
I/II	Ref.			Ref.			Ref.
III/IV	2.063	1.098-3.877	0.024	2.416	0.741-7.874	0.144	1.332	0.788-2.253	0.284
Unknown	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA
T stage
T1/T2	Ref.			Ref.			Ref.
T3/T4	1.476	1.203-1.811	< 0.001	1.786	1.015-3.145	0.044	1.318	1.033-1.681	0.026
Unknown	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA
N stage
N0	Ref.			Ref.			Ref.
N1	1.136	0.942-1.368	0.182	0.957	0.587-1.559	0.859	1.128	0.903-1.410	0.289
Unknown	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA
PSA (ng/mL)
≤ 10	Ref.			Ref.			Ref.
> 10	0.779	0.603-1.005	0.055	1.506	0.752-3.017	0.248	0.781	0.581-1.049	0.101
Unknown	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA
Gleason score
≤ 8	Ref.			Ref.			Ref.
> 8	1.848	1.446-2.361	< 0.001	1.322	0.661-2.643	0.430	1.533	1.154-2.036	0.003
Unknown	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA
Bone metastases
No	Ref.			Ref.			Ref.
Yes	1.246	1.013-1.533	0.038	1.258	0.748-2.115	0.388	1.029	0.817-1.296	0.807
Unknown	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA

Table 7 Multivariable Cox regression analysis of prognostic factors affecting overall survival in prostate cancer patients with lung, brain, and liver metastases

Variable	Lung			Brain			Liver
Variable	HR	95%CI	P value	HR	95%CI	P value	HR	95%CI	P value
Age (yr)
≤ 70	Ref.			Ref.			Ref.
> 70	2.084	1.601-2.712	< 0.001	0.994	0.553-1.785	0.983	1.499	1.099-2.043	0.010
Grade¹
I/II	Ref.
III/IV	2.031	0.879-4.692	0.097
Unknown	NA	NA	NA
T stage
T1/T2	Ref.			Ref.			Ref.
T3/T4	1.490	1.135-1.958	0.004	1.785	1.007-3.163	0.047	1.021	0.737-1.414	0.900
Unknown	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA
Gleason score
≤ 8	Ref.						Ref.
> 8	1.735	1.315-2.289	< 0.001				1.688	1.224-2.327	0.001
Unknown	NA	NA	NA				NA	NA	NA
Bone metastases
No	Ref.
Yes	1.327	0.961-1.833	0.086
Unknown	NA	NA	NA

Citation: Cui PF, Cong XF, Gao F, Yin JX, Niu ZR, Zhao SC, Liu ZL. Prognostic factors for overall survival in prostate cancer patients with different site-specific visceral metastases: A study of 1358 patients. World J Clin Cases 2020; 8(1): 54-67
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2307-8960/full/v8/i1/54.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.12998/wjcc.v8.i1.54