Safety of an improved patent ductus arteriosus occluder for transcatheter closure of perimembranous ventricular septal defects with abnormally attached tricuspid chordae tendineae

Table 1 Baseline characteristics and transthoracic echocardiography data of patients

Patients, n	20
Sex (M/F), n (%)	11 (55)/9 (45)
Age, yr, mean ± SD	20.7 ± 12.3
Weight, kg, mean ± SD	50.1 ± 17.5
Chest radiography
Cardiomegaly, n (%)	8 (40.0)
Increased vascularity, n (%)	16 (80.0)
Echocardiography
Defect size on LV side, mm, mean ± SD	7.3 ± 1.5
Defect size on RV side, mm, mean ± SD	3.9 ± 0.8
MVSA, n (%)	5 (25.0)
Ventricular septal rim below the aortic valve, mm, median (IQR)	4.0 (1.4)
Attachment point of the tricuspid chordae tendineae to the defect on RV side, mm, median (IQR)	1.8 (0.5)
Minor AR, n (%)	1 (5.0)
Minor TR, n (%)	1 (5.0)
Follow-up, yr, mean ± SD	2.4 ± 1.0

M: Male; F: Female; SD: Standard deviation; LV: Left ventricular; RV: Right ventricular; MVSA: Membranous ventricular septal aneurysm; IQR: Interquartile range; AR: Aortic regurgitation; TR: Tricuspid regurgitation.

Table 2 Procedural characteristics and post-procedural findings

Angiography
Defect size on LV side, mm, mean ± SD	6.7 ± 1.5
Defect size on RV side, mm, mean ± SD	3.5 ± 0.6
Routine right and left heart catheterization
sPAP, mmHg, mean ± SD	31.4 ± 4.4
mPAP, mmHg, mean ± SD	19.6 ± 3.6
Qp/Qs, mean ± SD	2.3 ± 0.4
Occluder size, n (%)
6 mm	3 (15.0)
7 mm	3 (15.0)
8 mm	5 (25.0)
9 mm	5 (25.0)
10 mm	3 (15.0)
12 mm	1 (5.0)
Average operative time, min, mean ± SD	49.3 ± 6.0
Average fluoroscopy time, min, mean ± SD	24.3 ± 2.8
Post-procedural complications, n (%)
CRBBB (transient)	1 (5.0)
Increased TR, n (%)	1 (5.0)
Sheath, Fr, median (IQR)	8.0 (2.0)

LV: Left ventricular; RV: Right ventricular; SD: Standard deviation; sPAP: Systolic pulmonary artery pressure; mPAP: Mean pulmonary artery pressure; Qp/Qs: Pulmonary-to-systemic flow ratio; CRBBB: Complete right bundle branch block; TR: Tricuspid regurgitation; IQR: Interquartile range.