Value of early diagnosis of sepsis complicated with acute kidney injury by renal contrast-enhanced ultrasound

Table 1 Comparison of clinical characteristics between non-acute kidney injury group and acute kidney injury group within 48 h

	Non-AKI group, n = 66	AKI group, n = 24	t/χ2 value	P value
Age in yr	65.38 ± 12.93	66.92 ± 10.24	0.526	0.600
Gender, male/female	36/30	14/10	0.102	0.749
BMI in kg/m2	22.72 ± 3.82	23.01 ± 2.98	0.336	0.738
APACHE II	20.91 ± 3.52	21.27 ± 3.38	0.433	0.666
MAP in mmHg	78.73 ± 8.39	77.38 ± 9.21	0.658	0.512
SIRS	2.25 ± 0.53	2.58 ± 0.75	2.325	0.022
Lac in mmol/L	2.43 ± 1.02	3.01 ± 1.33	2.193	0.031
ScvO2	0.71 ± 0.05	0.72 ± 0.04	0.882	0.380
CRP in mg/L	158.34 ± 63.82	167.28 ± 48.92	0.622	0.535
SAA in mg/L	358.83 ± 89.93	325.18 ± 72.02	1.649	0.103
Scr in μmol/L	91.43 ± 23.92	141.82 ± 27.19	8.519	0.000
BUN in mmol/L	3.22 ± 1.03	4.41 ± 0.81	5.108	0.000
24 h urine volume in mL	2062.63 ± 227.83	2002.52 ± 201.63	1.140	0.258
PI in dB	20.72 ± 8.27	10.78 ± 3.98	5.640	0.000
RT in s	8.37 ± 3.82	10.23 ± 2.63	2.199	0.030
WIS in dB/s	1.73 ± 0.82	1.07 ± 0.53	3.667	0.000
TPH	61.82 ± 21.82	58.32 ± 18.89	0.696	0.488
AUC	1083.28 ± 482.72	937.92 ± 392.73	1.323	0.189

BMI: Body mass index; APACHE II: Acute physiological chronic health status scoring system II; MAP: Mean arterial pressure; ScvO₂: Central venous oxygen saturation; SIRS: Systemic inflammatory response score; Lac: Lactic acid; CRP: C-reactive protein; SAA: Serum amyloid A; Scr: Serum creatinine; BUN: Blood urea nitrogen; PI: Peak intensity; RT: Rise time; WIS: Wash in slope; TPH: Peak to one half; AUC: Area under the curve.

Table 2 Comparison of renal function and contrast-enhanced ultrasound on admission between acute kidney injury subgroup and non-acute kidney injury subgroup

	Non-AKI subgroup, n = 53	AKI subgroup, n = 13	t/χ2 value	P value
SIRS	2.18 ± 0.44	2.31 ± 0.38	1.283	0.203
Lac in mmol/L	2.29 ± 0.88	2.61 ± 0.92	1.507	0.135
Scr in μmol/L	89.82 ± 12.81	92.71 ± 11.06	0.980	0.330
BUN in mmol/L	3.02± 0.91	3.38 ± 0.96	1.636	0.105
PI in dB	15.82 ± 3.92	12.83 ± 3.77	3.232	0.002
RT in s	7.92 ± 3.31	8.79 ± 3.27	1.106	0.272
WIS, dB/s	1.92 ± 0.81	1.22 ± 0.68	3.774	0.000

SIRS: Systemic inflammatory response score; Lac: Lactic acid; Scr: Serum creatinine; BUN: Blood urea nitrogen; PI: Peak intensity; RT: Rise time; WIS: Wash in slope.

Table 3 Analysis of receiver operating characteristic for diagnosis of septic acute kidney injury by potential indicators

	AUC	95%CI	Cut-off point	Sensitivity	Specificity
SIRS	0.555a	0.446 - 0.660	2.69	27.03%	92.45%
Lac	0.674a	0.567 - 0.769	2.67 mmol/L	62.16%	64.15%
Scr	0.825a	0.730 - 0.897	129.98 μmol/L	56.76%	100.00%
BUN	0.658a	0.551 - 0.755	2.84 mmol/L	37.74%	91.89%
PI	0.912	0.833 - 0.961	15.93 dB	100.00%	75.47%
RT	0.758a	0.656 - 0.842	8.1 s	83.78%	58.49%
WIS	0.928	0.853 - 0.972	1.48 dB/s	100.00%	71.70%
Combination	0.943	0.873 - 0.981	0.48	94.59%	81.13%

^aP < 0.05, vs the combination. SIRS: Systemic inflammatory response score; Lac: Lactic acid; Scr: Serum creatinine; BUN: Blood urea nitrogen; PI: Peak intensity; RT: Rise time; WIS: Wash in slope; AUC: Area under the curve.