Allergic fungal rhinosinusitis accompanied by allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis: A case report and literature review

Table 1 Clinical presentation of allergic fungal rhinosinusitis accompanied by allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis

Ref.	Sex / Age	Region	Nasal symptoms/ duration	Pulmonary symptoms/ duration	Asthmas/ cystic fibrosis	Total IgE	Eosinophil count	Affected sinuses	Pulmonary imaging
Safirstein[20]	F/24	United States	Rhinorrhea, blood-tinged casts	No obvious symptom	N/N	-	12%, 1650/mm3	-	Infiltration
Sher and Schwartz[19]	F/42	United States	Symptoms of allergic rhinosinusitis /since childhood	Dyspnea, wheeze/2 yr	Y/N	13084 ng/mL	1355/mm3	Left maxillary sinus	Bronchiectasis, interstitial scarring
Travis et al[26]	F/48	United States	Nasal block	No obvious symptom	N/N	794 IU/mL	1350/mm3	Bilateral frontal and ethmoid sinuses	Nodule
	M/16	United States	Nasal block/ 7 yr, right proptosis, and periorbital edema	Asthma-like symptoms/ 11 yr	Y/N	785 IU/mL	Normal	Right maxillary sinus	Infiltration, bronchiolitis
Bhagat et al[18]	F/38	India	Rhinorrhea, nasal block, and discharge/ 5 yr	Pain, cough, wheezing, dyspnea/9 yr	Y/N	280 IU/L	12%	Bilateral maxillary sinuses	Pleural effusion, bronchiectasis, collapsed left lung
Shah et al[22]	M/55	India	Rhinorrhea, nasal block, brownish plugs/12 yr	Dyspnea, wheeze, brownish plugs/2 yr	Y/N	-	26%	Bilateral maxillary sinuses	Bronchiectasis, right lower zone opacity, transient infiltration
Shah et al[28]	M/24	India	Rhinorrhea, sneeze, nasal block, postnasal discharge, plugs, headache/ 12 yr	Chest pain, dyspnea, wheeze, cough, plugs/6 yr	Y/N	5600 IU/mL	9%	Right maxillary sinus	Central bronchiectasis
	M/45	India	Rhinorrhea, sneeze, nasal block, postnasal discharge/ 1 yr	Cough, chest pain, dyspnea, haemoptysis/1 yr	Y/N	680 IU/mL	3%	Bilateral maxillary sinuses	Central bronchiectasis
	M/55	India	Rhinorrhea, sneeze, nasal block, headache/ 12 yr	Chest pain, dyspnea, wheeze, cough, plugs/2 yr	Y/N	540 IU/mL	26%	Bilateral maxillary sinuses	Central bronchiectasis
	F/38	India	Rhinorrhea, sneeze, nasal block, plugs/5 yr	Chest pain, dyspnea, wheeze, cough, plugs, haemoptysis/37 yr	Y/N	280 IU/mL	24%	Bilateral maxillary sinuses	Central bronchiectasis
	F/29	India	Rhinorrhea, sneeze, nasal block, plugs, headache/ 5 yr	Dyspnea, wheeze, cough, plugs, haemoptysis/5 yr	Y/N	590 IU/mL	16%	Bilateral maxillary and frontal sinuses	Central bronchiectasis
	M/30	India	Rhinorrhea, sneeze, nasal block, headache/ 1 yr	Chest pain, cough/1 yr	Y/N	4560 IU/mL	8%	Bilateral maxillary and frontal sinuses	Central bronchiectasis
	F/14	India	Rhinorrhea, sneeze, nasal block/1.5 yr	Dyspnea, wheeze, cough, chest pain/1.5 yr	Y/N	25216 IU/mL	11%	Bilateral maxillary sinuses	Central bronchiectasis
Shah et al[28]	M/26	India	Rhinorrhea, nasal block, sneeze, postnasal discharge, brownish plugs/since childhood	Dyspnea, wheeze, cough, brownish plugs/since childhood	Y/N	34132 IU/mL	24%,	Left maxillary sinus	Bronchiectasis transient infiltration
Prasad et al[21]	M/52	India	Rhinorrhea/ 25 yr	Hemoptysis/6 yr,	N/N	5652 IU/mL	12%, 1296/mm3	Left maxillary, ethmoid sinuses	Bronchiectasis
Erwin and Fitzgerald[25]	M/57	United States	Nasal block/since childhood	Tightness, wheeze, cough, brownish plugs/ since childhood	Y/N	1987 IU/mL	6.50%	Bilateral frontal and left sphenoid sinuses	Bronchiectasis with mucus plugging
Das et al[27]	M/9	India	Brownish nasal discharge/ 6 yr	Chest pain, dyspnea, brownish sputum/5 yr	Y/N	4838.5 IU/mL	8%	Frontal and maxillary sinuses	-
Ghosh et al[24]	F/30	India	Rhinorrhea, sneeze/6 yr	Dry cough/ 5 mo	N/N	2500 ng/mL	36%	Right maxillary sinus	Bilateral central bronchiectasis with mucus plugging
Upadhyay et al[23]	F/35	India	Rhinorrhea, pain, tenderness/ 8 yr	Dyspnea, cough/8 yr	Y/N	1000 IU/mL	16%, 2240/ mm3	Bilateral maxillary sinuses	Bilateral central cystic bronchiectasis
Current case	F/52	China	Rhinorrhea, sneeze, nasal block, epistaxis, hyposmia/ 5 mo	Dyspnea, cough/20 yr	Y/N	> 5000 U/mL	5.20%	Right maxillary and ethmoid sinuses	Bronchiectasis with mucus plugging

F: Female; M: Male; Y: Yes; N: No.

Table 2 Treatment and prognosis of allergic fungal rhinosinusitis accompanied by allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis

Ref.	Clinical stage of ABPA	Treatment	Outcome
Bhagat et al[18]	Acute	Oral glucocorticoid/2 wk	Improvement/1 mo
Sher and Schwartz[19]	Acute	Surgery for sinuses, oral glucocorticoid	Improvement
Safirstein[20]	Acute	Surgery for sinuses, oral glucocorticoid/6 mo	Improvement, recurrence after stopping oral glucocorticoid
Prasad et al[21]	Exacerbation	Surgery for sinuses, oral and topical glucocorticoid, montelukast sodium	Resolution
Shah et al[18]	Exacerbation	Oral glucocorticoid/2 wk	Resolution/1 mo
Shah and Panjabi[11]	Exacerbation	Oral glucocorticoid/tapered off	Resolution/3.5 yr
Upadhyay et al[23]	Exacerbation	Oral glucocorticoid, oral itraconazole/6 wk, then tapered off, omalizumab/6 wk	Improvement
Ghosh et al[24]	Remission	Oral glucocorticoid, oral itraconazole	Resolution
Erwin and Fitzgerald[25]	Corticosteroid dependent asthma	Surgery for sinuses, oral glucocorticoid/tapered off, topical glucocorticoid, oral itraconazole/2 mo, oral voriconazole/2 mo	Improvement/2 yr
Travis et al[26]	Remission	Surgery for sinuses, oral ketoconazole, surgery for lung	Improvement
	Remission	Surgery for sinuses, lung biopsy	Improvement
Das et al[27]	Exacerbation	Oral itraconazol/4 mo, oral glucocorticoid/tapered off 8 mo	Improvement
Shah et al[28]	-	Polypectomy, septoplasty, oral glucocorticoid/ tapered off 2 yr, topical glucocorticoid	Improvement
	-	Oral glucocorticoid/tapered off 6 mo, topical glucocorticoid	Improvement
	-	Septoplasty, oral glucocorticoid/irregular, topical glucocorticoid	Improvement
	-	Polypectomy, oral glucocorticoid/tapered off 6 mo, topical glucocorticoid	Improvement
		Polypectomy, oral glucocorticoid/1-3 yr, topical glucocorticoid	Improvement
	-	Polypectomy, oral glucocorticoid/1-3 yr, topical glucocorticoid	Improvement
	-	Oral glucocorticoid/1-3 yr, topical glucocorticoid	Improvement
Current case	Exacerbation	Surgery for sinuses, oral glucocorticoid, oral itraconazol/4 wk, montelukast, topical glucocorticoid	AFRS/resolution, ABPA/ improvement