Wall shear stress can improve prediction accuracy for transient ischemic attack

Table 1 Comparison of clinical data and laboratory indicators between the two groups, n (%)

	TIA Group (n = 30)	Control Group (n = 204)	t/X2 Value	P-value
Age	70.71 ± 10.92	65.93 ± 18.09	1.408	0.160
Gender (Male/Female)	18/12	126/78	0.034	0.853
Family history	4 (13.33)	21(10.29%)	-	0.5391
Hypertension	30 (100)	178 (87.25)	4.301	0.038
Diabetes	22 (73.33)	104 (50.98)	5.258	0.022
Hypercholesterolemia	10 (33.33)	69 (33.82)	0.003	0.958
Smoking	14 (46.67)	104 (50.98)	0.195	0.659
Alcoholism	4 (13.33)	21 (10.29)	-	0.5391
DBIT (μmol/L)	4.19 ± 1.08	3.98 ± 1.43	0.772	0.441
TBIL (μmol/L)	10.96 ± 3.96	9.77 ± 3.28	1.805	0.072
UA (mmol/L)	329.34 ± 84.39	337.09 ± 87.18	0.456	0.649
TG (mmol/L)	1.18 ± 0.43	1.15 ± 0.47	0.330	0.742
TC (mmol/L)	4.46 ± 1.20	4.29 ± 1.09	0.787	0.432
HDL-C (mmol/L)	1.17 ± 0.32	1.22 ± 0.34	0.757	0.459
LDL-C (mmol/L)	3.04 ± 0.95	2.89 ± 0.87	0.871	0.384
Hcy (μmol/L)	8.37 ± 2.76	7.29 ± 2.27	2.364	0.019
FBG (mmol/L)	6.97 ± 2.89	5.84 ± 2.58	2.205	0.028

¹indicated Fisher's exact probability method. DBIT: Direct bilirubin; TBIL: Total bilirubin; UA: Uric acid; TG: Triglyceride; TC: Total cholesterol; HDL-C: High density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C: Low density lipoprotein cholesterol; Hcy: Homocysteine; FBG: Fasting blood glucose.

Table 2 Comparison of ultrasound characteristics and wall shear stress data between the two groups

		TIA Group (n = 30)	Control Group (n = 204)	t/X2 Value	P-value
Plaque location	Common carotid artery	8	51	0.046	0.977
	Carotid sinus	18	124
	Internal carotid artery	4	29
Plaque property	Hard plaque	9	104	6.062	0.048
	Soft plaque	14	54
	Mixed plaque	7	46
Lumen stenosis rate (%)		58.26 ± 13.28	44.29 ± 21.82	3.411	0.001
PSV (cm/s)		90.34 ± 9.23	87.12 ± 9.42	1.753	0.081
EDV (cm/s)		17.24 ± 5.12	15.93 ± 3.82	1.673	0.096
Proximal end WSS (dyne/cm2)		9.15 ± 2.27	7.29 ± 3.86	6.720	0.000
Distal end WSS (dyne/cm2)		7.42 ± 1.95	6.39 ± 1.74	2.980	0.003

PSV: Peak systolic velocity; EDV: End diastolic velocity; WSS: Wall shear stress.

Table 3 COX multivariate analysis of transient ischemic attack in patients with atherosclerosis during follow-up

	B	SE	Wald	P-value	RR	95%CI
						Lower limit	Upper limit
Hypertension	1.365	0.293	2.813	0.037	3.914	2.204	6.951
Diabetes	1.462	0.428	3.792	0.026	4.316	1.865	9.986
Hcy	0.492	0.245	3.988	0.022	1.635	1.012	2.643
FBG	0.390	0.176	2.918	0.034	1.477	1.046	2.085
Plaque property	1.786	0.496	7.294	0.000	5.968	2.257	15.777
Lumen stenosis rate (%)	1.675	0.328	6.028	0.000	5.337	2.806	10.151
Proximal end WSS (dyne/cm2)	0.783	0.272	5.885	0.000	2.187	1.283	3.727
Distal end WSS (dyne/cm2)	0.459	0.482	1.125	0.192	1.582	0.615	4.069

Hcy: Homocysteine; FBG: Fasting blood glucose; WSS: Wall shear stress.

Table 4 ROC curve analysis of potential indicators for predicting TIA

	AUC	95%CI	Cutoff point	Sensitivity (%)	Specificity (%)
FBG	0.726	0.664-0.782	6.23	66.67	68.14
Hcy	0.711	0.648-0.768	7.65	90.00	42.16
Lumen stenosis rate	0.832	0.778-0.877	62.01	96.67	54.41
proximal end WSS	0.884	0.831-0.917	8.05	73.33	95.51

FBG: Fasting blood glucose; Hcy: Homocysteine; WSS: Wall shear stress.