Chondromyxoid fibroma of the temporal bone: A case report and review of the literature

Table 1 Summary of published cases of chondromyxoid fibroma in temporal bones

Ref.	Location	Age/gender	Neurological symptoms/ abnormalities on physical examination	Treatment	Follow-up outcome
Oh et al[5]	Left mastoid, extending into left external auditory cannal	38/F	Hearing loss	Complete resection	Persistent conductive hearing loss
Sharma et al[6]	Left temporal region in the floor of the middle cranial fossa	12/F	Headache and left-sided otalgia	Complete resection	Completely relived
Gupta et al[7]	Left mastoid, eroding left bony canal of the facial nerve	42/M	Right-sided otalgia	NA	NA
Ozek et al[8]	Left petrous apex and left cerebellopontine angle	17/M	Headache, diplopia, left VI and VII cranial nerve paralysis and hearing loss	Subtotally resection	Mild left facial palsy and hearing loss
Thompson et al[3]	Left mastoid, eroding the left mastoid portion of the facial nerve canal	32/F	Left facial nerve paralysis	Complete resection	NA
Otto et al[9]	Right mastoid, eroding the posterior fossa plate	58/F	Vertigo and syncope	Complete resection	No evidence of recurrence 6 mo after operation
Tarhan et al[1]	Left temporal bone, tympanic region	44/F	Left facial pain	Complete resection	NA
Suzuki et al[10]	Left squamous temporal bone	49/M	Visual disturbance with right homonymous upper quadrantanopia	Preoperative embolization and resection	NA
Patino-Cordoba et al[11]	Left mastoid, eroding the external auditory canal	20/M	Hearing loss	Complete resection	NA
LeMay et al[4]	Left mastoid	22/M	Headache and left-sided otalgia	Resection via left temporal craniotomy	Persistent conductive hearing loss
Maruyama et al[12]	Right petrous temporal bone, extending into the jugular foramen	67/M	Right bulbar palsy, right facial palsy, complete right-sided hearing loss and trigeminal hypoesthesia	Incomplete resection due to jugular foramen involvement	Resolution of all cranial neuropathies except hearing loss and hoarseness
Kitamura et al[13]	Left mastoid, extending into the occipital bone and invading the foramen magnum and jugular foramen	48/M	Left aural fullness, tinnitus and transient dizziness	Staged resections (1 yr apart) secondary to bleeding	No recurrence 2 yr after first procedure
Frank et al[14]	Left petrous apex, extending into the sphenoid sinus, clinoid process, sella, cavernous sinus and retrosellar area	26/M	Diplopia and abducens nerve paresis	Complete resection	Resolution of abducens palsy

NA: Not available.

Table 2 The differential diagnosis of tumours in the temporal bone

	Chondromyxoid fibroma	Myxoid chondrosarcoma	Chordoma	Facial nerve schwannoma
Pathological findings	Multilobular arrangement of stellate or spindle-shaped cells in an abundant myxoid background or chondroid intracellular material	Well-differentiated hyaline matrix; an absence of a fibrous component. The cells in chondrosarcoma are almost exclusively chondroblasts	Tumour cells are arranged in sheets or cords or float singly within an abundant myxoid stroma with an abundant pale vacuolated cytoplasm	Schwannoma is composed of spindle cells with wavy appearing nuclei. Areas of hypocellularity may alternate with areas of hypercellularity
Immunohistochemical findings	Positive staining for S-100 protein and vimentin	Positive staining for S-100 protein and vimentin	Positive staining for S-100 protein, pankeratin, low-molecular cytokeratins, and epithelial membrane antigen	Positive staining for S-100 protein
Radiographic findings	Well-defined tumours with sclerotic rims and scalloped margins; intratumoral calcification; low signal intensity on T1-weighted images and heterogeneous high signal intensity on T2-weighted images	Ill-defined tumours without sclerotic rims; an obviously infiltrative growth pattern and bone destruction; intratumoral calcification; low signal intensity on T1-weighted images and heterogeneous high signal intensity on T2-weighted images	Ill-defined tumours with obvious bone destruction; intratumoral calcification; low signal intensity on T1-weighted images and heterogeneous high signal intensity on T2-weighted images	Well-defined tumours without intratumoral calcification; isointensity to muscle on T1-weighted images and heterogeneous high signal intensity on T2-weighted images with well defined margins