Feasibility of initial endoscopic common bile duct stone removal in patients with acute cholangitis

Table 1 Patient characteristics n (%)

	Initial group (n = 19)	Delayed group (n = 12)	P value
Age, median (IQR), yr	71 (62-80)	80 (74-84)	0.0641
Sex, male/female, n	11/8	6/6	0.6672
AC severity3, mild/moderate/severe, n	11/8/0	5/4/3	0.0722
CBD diameter, median (IQR), mm	9 (8-10)	11 (8-13)	0.1691
Number of CBD stones, single/multiple, n	9/10	6/6	0.8862
Diameter of CBD stone, < 10 mm/≥ 10 mm, n	15/4	9/3	0.7982
Periampullary diverticulum	9 (47)	4 (33)	0.4412
Use of antithrombotic agents before EBD	2 (11)	7 (58)	0.0042
Period until EBD from AC onset, < 24 h/24-48 h, n	11/8	8/4	0.6482
Blood CRP level before EBD, median (IQR), mg/dL	3.9 (1.4-6.7)	5 (1.6-12.2)	0.4291
Positive blood culture, n/total	6/14 (43)	5/7 (71)	0.2172

¹Mann-Whitney U test;

²χ² test;

³Tokyo Guidelines for the management of acute cholangitis (TG13). IQR: Interquartile range; AC: Acute cholangitis; CBD: Common bile duct; EBD: Endoscopic biliary drainage; CRP: C-reactive protein.

Table 2 Clinical outcomes n (%)

	Initial group (n = 19)	Delayed group (n = 12)	P value
Procedures for ampulla, EST/EPLBD with EST, n	18/1	10/2	0.2961
Use of balloon catheter for stone removal	19 (100)	12 (100)
Successful CBD stone removal	19 (100)	12 (100)
Number of ERCP procedures, median (IQR)	1 (1-1)	2 (2-2)	< 0.0012
Adverse events, pancreatitis/bleeding/perforation, n	0/0/0	0/1/0	0.2011
Duration of antibiotic administration, median (IQR), d	7 (5-8)	6 (5-7)	0.0592
Hospital stay, median (IQR), d	10 (9-15)	17 (14-20)	0.0102
Hospital costs, median (IQR), $	726 (579-1028)	988 (868-1033)	0.2242

¹χ² test;

²Mann-Whitney U test. EST: Endoscopic sphincterotomy; EPLBD: Endoscopic papillary large balloon dilation; CBD: Common bile duct; ERCP: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography; IQR: Interquartile range.