Prosthetic reconstruction of the trachea: A historical perspective

Table 1 Tracheal reconstruction methodology over time

Year	First author	Category1	Material	Study type (number)
1898	Bruns[17]		Prosthesis unknown	Human
1911	Hohmeier[18]	Autogenous	Fascia lata	Animal
1912	Levit[19]	Autogenous	Fascia	Human (1)
1927	Fairchild[20]	Autogenous	Skin	Human (1)
1935	LeJeune[21]	Autogenous	Split thickness skin graft	Human (2)
1945	Crafoord[22]	Autogenous	Cutaneous and costal cartilage	Human (1)
1946	Belsey[24]	Solid prosthesis	Steel with fascia lata	Human (1)
1948	Clagett[25]	Solid prosthesis	Polyethylene	Human (1)
1948	Daniel[23]	Solid prosthesis	Fascia, Metal Tube	Animal
1948	Longmire[26]	Solid prosthesis	Acrylic tube	Human (1)
1949	Rob[27]	Solid prosthesis	Tantalum with fascia lata	Human (4)
1949	Kergin	Autogenous	Pericardium and bronchus	Human (1)
1950	Jarvis	Solid prosthesis	Stainless Steel	Human (1)
1950	Gebauer[29]	Porous prosthesis	Wire-enforced dermal graft	Human (11)
1951	Bucher[30]	Porous prosthesis	Stainless steel wire mesh	Animal
1952	Cotton[2]	Solid prosthesis	Stainless steel tube	Human (2)
1953	Edgerton	Solid prosthesis	Split grafts with foam rubber	Human (12)
1953	Pressman[32]	Autogenous	Decalcified bone	Animal
1955	Morfit	Solid prosthesis	Polyethylene	Animal
1962	Beall[35]	Solid prosthesis	Polyethylene	Animal
1964	Aletras	Solid prosthesis	Teflon frame with pericardium	Animal
1967	Graziano[33]	Porous prosthesis	Silicon with dacron	Animal
1968	Pearson[34]	Porous prosthesis	Marlex (Polyethylene)	Animal
1973	Monk	Autogenous	Dermal grafts	Human (6)
1973	Demos	Porous prosthesis	Silicone	Animal
1974	Montgomery[38]	Porous prosthesis	Silicone t tube	Human (94)
1974	Pearson	Porous prosthesis	Marlex (Polyethylene)	Human (6)
1976	Neville[37]	Porous prosthesis	Silicone	Human (26)
1977	Lindholm	Autogenous	Bone/periosteum/muscle	Human (2)
1982	Neville[15]	Porous prosthesis	Neville prosthesis (silicon with dacron rings)	Human (54)
1982	Westaby	Porous prosthesis	Bifurcated silicone stent	Human (1)
1985	Toomes[6]	Porous prosthesis	Neville prosthesis (silicon with dacron rings)	Human (9)
1986	Scherer[67]	Tissue engineering	Bioprosthesis	Animal
1989	Har-El	Autogenous	Alloplast implanted muscle flap	Animal
1990	Neville[39]	Porous prosthesis	Silicone tubes	Human (62)
1990	Cull	Porous prosthesis	PTFE	Animal
1990	Jorge	Porous prosthesis	PTFE	Animal
1990	Kato[66]	Autogenous	Oesophagus and Silicone T tube	Animal
1990	Letang[65]	Homograft	Jejunum and Silicone T tube	Animal
1990	Varela	Porous prosthesis	Stainless steel wire mesh	Human (5)
1992	East[64]	Autogenous	Composite fascia, septum	Human (1)
1994	Okumura[63]	Porous prosthesis	Collagen and Marlex mesh	Animal
1996	Sharpe	Porous prosthesis	Marlex and pericardium	Human (1)
1996	Elliott[62]	Homograft	Homograft	Human (5)
1997	Kiriyama[61]	Homograft	Oesophageal autograft	Animal
1997	Teramachi[60]	Porous prosthesis	Marlex with collagen	Animal
2000	Sekine[59]	Porous prosthesis	Marlex	Animal
2003	Pfitzmann[58]	Homograft	Oesophagus	Human (1)
2004	Kim[57]	Porous prosthesis	Skin and polypropylene mesh	Animal
2005	Martinod[56]	Homograft	Allogenic aorta	Animal
2005	Shi[55]	Porous prosthesis	Polyprophyelene mesh with polyurethane/collagen	Animal
2006	Jaillard[54]	Homograft	Allograft aorta	Animal
2008	Sato[53]	Porous prosthesis	Polyprophyelene mesh with collagen	Animal
2008	Macchiarini[79]	Homograft	Stem cell seeded homograft	Human
2009	Nakamura[51]	Porous prosthesis	Polyprophlene with additional collagen, stem cells	Animal
2010	Makris[50]	Homograft	Allograft aorta	Animal
2010	Sato[49]	Tissue engineering	Bioprosthesis	Animal
2010	Tsukada[74]	Tissue engineering	Bioprosthesis	Animal
2011	Yu[47]	Autogenous/prosthesis	Radial forearm flap with PTFE or polyethlene	Human (7)
2011	Jungebluth[48]	Tissue engineering	Stem cell bioartificial scaffold	Human (1)
2012	Elliott[46]	Tissue engineering	Stem cell bioartificial scaffold	Human (1)
2012	Gray[45]	Tissue engineering	Stem cell bioartificial scaffold	Animal
2012	Tani	Tissue engineering	Collagen scaffold with FGF	Animal
2012	Wurtz[77]	Homograft	Allograft aorta with fascial graft and external cartilage	Animal
2014	Chang[40]	Tissue engineering	Stem cell bioartificial (3D Printed) scaffold	Animal
2016	Delaere[78]	Allotransplant	Vascularised allograft	Human

¹A number of these are composite strategies. PTFE: Polytetrafluoroethylene; FGF: Fibroblast growth factor.