Factors associated with recurrence of clubfoot treated by the Ponseti method

Table 1 Number of clubfeet with recurrence or non-recurrence and P value of different factors

	Recurrence	Non-recurrence	n	P value
Idiopathic	28 (16.3%)	144 (83.7%)	172	0.001
Non-idiopathic	11 (45.8%)	13 (54.2%)	24
Residual deformity at the initiation of treatment	12 (29.3%)	29 (70.7%)	41	0.091
Non-residual deformity at the initiation of treatment	27 (17.4%)	128 (82.6%)	155
Positive family history	9 (19.6%)	37 (80.4%)	46	0.094
Negative family history	30 (20.0%)	120 (80.0%)	150

Table 2 Numbers of cases with recurrence or non-recurrence and P value of different factors

	Recurrence	Non-recurrence	n	P value
Brace compliance	6 (7.5%)	74 (92.5%)	80	< 0.001
Brace noncompliance	18 (51.4%)	17 (48.6%)	35
High educational level of mothers	11 (14.1%)	67 (85.9%)	78	0.033
Low educational level of mothers	13 (35.1%)	24 (64.9%)	37

Table 3 Mean ± standard deviation and P value of different factors

	Recurrence	Non-recurrence	P value
Age at the beginning of serial casting (d)	4.94 ± 9.22	5.26 ± 4.55	0.763
Pirani score at the beginning	5.48 ± 1.41	5.39 ± 1.04	0.624
Dimeglio grade at the beginning	3.24 ± 1.41	3.29 ± 1.04	0.875
Numbers of casts	5.58 ± 2.25	4.05 ± 2.06	< 0.001
Follow-up duration (mo)	40.76 ± 21.46	27.61 ± 11.80	< 0.001