Esthesioneuroblastoma: Multimodal management and review of literature

Table 1 Hyams histopathological grading

Grade	Lobular architecture preservation	Mitotic index	Nuclear polymorphism	Fibrillary matrix	Rosettes	Necrosis
I	+	Zero	None	Prominent	HW rosettes	None
II	+	Low	Low	Present	HW rosettes	None
III	+/-	Moderate	Moderate	Low	FW rosettes	Rare
IV	+/-	High	High	Absent	None	Frequent

Table 2 Modified kadish staging

Stage A: Tumour limited to the nasal fossa

Stage B: Tumour extension into the paranasal sinuses

Stage C: Tumour extension beyond the paranasal sinuses and nasal cavity

Stage D: Distant metastasis

Table 3 Tumor, node, metastasis staging system

T1	Tumour involving the nasal cavity and/or paranasal sinuses (excluding sphenoid), sparing the most superior ethmoidal cells
T2	Tumour involving the nasal cavity and/or paranasal sinuses (including the sphenoid) with extension to or erosion of the cribriform plate
T3	Tumour extending into the orbit or protruding into the anterior cranial fossa, without dural invasion
T4	Tumour involving the brain
N0	No cervical lymph-node metastasis
N1	Any form of cervical lymph-node metastasis
M0	No metastases
M1	Distant metastasis