Dysbetalipoproteinemia: Two cases report and a diagnostic algorithm

Table 1 Dysbetalipoproteinemia indices

Index	Patient’s2 values	Indicative for dysbetali-poproteinemia values
TC/TG (mg/dL)	1.01	Approximately 1
ApoB/TC (mg/dL)	0.23	< 0.33
ApoB/non-HDL-C (mg/dL)	0.27	< 0.38
VLDL-C/PLASMA TG (mg/dL)	0.35	> 0.3
VLDL-C/VLDL-TG (mg/dL)	1.06	> 0.96
TG/ApoB (mg/dL)	4.40	> 4.29
ApoE/ApoB (mg/dL)	0.20	> 0.15

TC: Total cholesterol; TG: Triglycerides; ApoB: Apolipoprotein B; VLDL-C: Very low density lipoprotein cholesterol; VLDL-TG: Very low density lipoprotein triglycerides; ApoE: Apolipoprotein E; Non-HDL-C: Non high density lipoprotein cholesterol.

Table 2 Factors associated with dysbetalipoproteinemia overt expression

Environmental-hormonal	Genetic	Secondary dysbetalipoproteinemia
Drugs (corticosteroids, tamoxifen, retinoids, antipsychotics)	Familial hypercholesterolemia	Multiple myeloma
Alcohol consumption	Familial combined hypercholesterolemia	Paraproteinemia
Hypothyroidism	Reduced hepatic lipase activity	Systemic lupus erythematous
Pregnancy	Decreased lipoprotein lipase activity
Diabetes, insulin resistance
Obesity
Diet rich in saturated fats and carbohydrates