Port site infection in laparoscopic surgery: A review of its management

Table 1 Studies showing frequency of port site infection following laparoscopic cholecystectomy

No.	Ref.	Year of publication	Type of study	Total number of patients	Frequency of infection
1	Karthik et al[14]	2013	Prospective	570	10 (1.8%)
2	Mir et al[15]	2013	Prospective	675	45 (6.7%)
3	Yanni et al[16]	2013	Prospective	100	4 (4%)
4	Taj et al[17]	2012	Observational	492	27 (5.48%)
5	Yi et al[18]	2012	NA	400	11 (2.75%)
6	Triantafyllidis et al[19]	2009	Retrospective	1009	14 (1.39%)
7	Chuang et al[20]	2004	NA	420	6 (1.4%)
8	Shindholimath et al[21]	2003	Prospective	113	7 (6.3%)
9	den Hoed et al[22]	1998	Prospective	189	10 (5.3%)

NA: Not available.

Table 2 Different antibiotics effectively used against Mycobacterial sp. in port site infections

Ref.	Type of study	Mycobacteria isolated	Treatment given
Ramesh et al[40]	Case series in 8 patients	M. tuberculosis	Standard first line antitubercular regimen Rifampicin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide and ethambutol for 2 mo followed by rifampicin and isoniazid for 9 mo
Chaudhuri et al[46]	Case series in 19 patients	Clinically suspected atypical mycobacterial infection. No isolates in culture	Clarithromycin and ciprofloxacin (500 mg each, twice daily) for 28 d to 3 mo For persistent local nodules, direct injection of amikacin injections into the nodules daily for 5 d ( 500 mg twice daily)
Verghese et al[37]	Case report	M. chelonae	Amikacin 750 mg/d and azithromycin 500 mg BD for 2 wk, followed by linezolid 500 mg BD and azithromycin 500 mg BD for 6 wk
Duarte et al[42]	Case series in 74 patients		Sensitive to amikacin and clarithromycin, but resistant to ciprofloxacin, cefoxitine and doxycycline
Sethi et al[41]	Case report		Ofloxacin and amikacin for 6 mo
Shah et al[61]	Case series in 7 patients	M. fortuitumM. chelonae	Clarithromycin and ciprofloxacin (500 mg each, twice daily) for 6-9 mo
Rajini et al[62]	Case report	M. chelonae	Clarithromycin 500 mg BD and doxycycline 100 mg OD for 4 wk