Expression rates of p16, p53 in head and neck cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma based on human-papillomavirus positivity

Table 1 Patient demographics and tumor characteristics, n (%)

Patient characteristics	N = 62
Sex
Male	20 (32.26)
Female	42 (67.74)
Age group (years)
≤ 50	2 (3.22)
51-65	2 (3.22)
> 65	58 (93.55)
Location
Area H	19 (30.65)
Area M	43 (69.35)
Size of tumor (cm2), mean ± SD	2.73 ± 4.60
Invasion depth (mm), mean ± SD	4.06 ± 3.62
Lymphovascular invasion
+	3
-	59
Perineural invasion
+	3
-	59
DM
+	9
-	53
HTN
+	27
-	35

Area H: High-risk zone; Area M: Middle-risk zone; DM: Diabetes mellitus; HTN: Hypertension.

Table 2 Location of tumors, n (%)

Characteristics	N = 62
Area H	19 (30.65)
Eyelid	5 (8.06)
Nose	3 (4.84)
Lip	5 (8.06)
Chin	2 (3.23)
Ear	4 (6.46)
Area M	43 (69.35)
Forehead	11 (17.74)
Scalp	3 (4.84)
Cheek	29 (46.77)

Area H: High-risk zone; Area M: Middle-risk zone.

Table 3 Human papillomavirus, p16, and p53 status with human papillomavirus genotyping, n (%)

Characteristics	HPV (-)	HPV (+)	High-risk HPV	P value	The p53 (-)	The p53 (+)	P value	The p16 (-)	The p16 (+)	P value
n	57	5	3	-	17	45	-	38	24	-
Sex
Male	20 (35.09)	0 (0.00)	0 (0.00)	0.165	8 (47.06)	12 (26.67)	0.125	14 (36.84)	6 (25.00)	0.331
Female	37 (64.91)	5 (100.00)	3 (100.00)	-	9 (52.94)	33 (73.33)	-	24 (63.16)	18 (75.00)	-
Age group
≤ 50 years	2 (3.51)	0 (0.00)	0 (0.00)	> 0.99	1 (5.88)	1 (2.22)	0.733	1 (2.63)	1 (4.17)	0.768
51-65 years	2 (3.51)	0 (0.00)	0 (0.00)	-	0 (0.00)	2 (4.44)	-	2 (5.26)	0 (0.00)	-
> 65 years	53 (92.98)	5 (100.00)	3 (100.00)	-	16 (94.12)	42 (93.33)	-	35 (92.11)	23 (95.83)	-
HPV
Negative	-	-	-	-	16 (94.12)	41 (91.11)	> 0.99	35 (92.11)	22 (91.67)	> 0.99
Positive	-	-	3 (60.00)	-	1 (5.88)	4 (8.89)	-	3 (7.89)	2 (8.33)	-
Location	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Area H	18 (31.58)	1 (20.00)	0 (0.00)	> 0.99	3 (17.65)	16 (35.56)	0.172	13 (34.21)	6 (25.00)	0.444
Area M	39 (68.42)	4 (80.00)	3 (100.00)	-	14 (82.35)	29 (64.44)	-	25 (65.79)	18 (75.00)	-
Recurrence
Yes	15 (26.32)	3 (60.00)	2 (66.67)	0.045	2 (11.76)	16 (35.56)	0.022	6 (15.79)	12 (50.00)	0.007
No	42 (73.68)	2 (40.00)	1 (33.33)	-	15 (88.24)	29 (64.44)	-	32 (84.21)	12 (50.00)	-
Metastasis
Yes	8 (14.04)	2 (40.00)	1 (33.33)	0.037	1 (5.88)	9 (20.00)	0.041	3 (7.89)	8 (33.33)	0.015
No	49 (85.96)	3 (60.00)	2 (66.67)	-	16 (94.12)	36 (80.00)	-	35 (92.11)	16 (66.67)	-

HPV: Human papillomavirus; Area H: High-risk zone; Area M: Middle-risk zone.