Relationship between longitudinal changes in lipid composition and ischemic stroke among hypertensive patients

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of participants, n (%)

	Total (n = 6094)	Without ischemic stroke (n = 5951)	With ischemic stroke (n = 143)	P value
Variables
Age (years)	62.32 ± 13.00	62.20 ± 13.04	66.97 ± 10.60	< 0.001
Gender-female	3292 (54.0)	3221 (54.1)	71 (49.7)	0.329
Current smoking	1606 (26.4)	1558 (26.2)	48 (33.6)	0.060
Current drinking	796 (13.1)	780 (13.1)	16 (11.2)	0.583
Body mass index (kg/m2)	25.07 ± 4.17	25.06 ± 4.18	25.46 ± 3.69	0.248
Physical activity				0.065
Never	2547 (41.8)	2474 (41.6)	73 (51.0)
Occasionally	755 (12.4)	738 (12.4)	17 (11.9)
Often	2790 (45.8)	2737 (46.0)	53 (37.1)
Diabetes	1198 (19.7)	1165 (19.6)	33 (23.1)	0.353
Coronary heart disease	85 (1.4)	83 (1.4)	2 (1.4)	1.000
Antihypertensive drugs	3448 (56.6)	3353 (56.3)	95 (66.4)	0.020
Hypoglycemic agents	1031 (16.9)	1004 (16.9)	27 (18.9)	0.603
Lipid-lowering drugs	1009 (16.6)	987 (16.6)	22 (15.4)	0.789
Total cholesterol (mg/dL)	214.47 ± 45.95	214.29 ± 45.82	222.05 ± 50.83	0.046
Triglyceride (mg/dL)	164.98 ± 149.66	164.88 ± 150.17	169.02 ± 127.06	0.744
Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (mg/dL)	119.85 ± 32.31	119.71 ± 32.13	125.75 ± 38.87	0.027
High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (mg/dL)	48.59 ± 14.12	48.64 ± 14.19	46.45 ± 10.75	0.067
Fasting blood glucose (mmoL/L)	5.13 ± 1.57	5.12 ± 1.55	5.42 ± 2.05	0.023
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)	130.47 ± 15.65	130.34 ± 15.64	135.72 ± 15.39	< 0.001
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)	80.52 ± 9.99	80.49 ± 9.98	81.82 ± 10.18	0.117
Estimated glomerular filtration rate (mL/minute/1.73 m2)	95.74 ± 39.90	95.79 ± 39.33	93.92 ± 58.98	0.581

Data are presented as mean ± SD or percentage. P values are for the comparison of the difference in ischemic stroke conditions.

Table 2 Baseline characteristics among different in longitudinal changes of dyslipidemia groups, n (%)

	Normal was transformed into normal group	Abnormal was transformed into normal group	Normal was transformed into abnormal group	Abnormal was transformed into abnormal group	P value
Variables	1786	979	883	2446
Age (years)	63.65 ± 13.54	61.23 ± 13.46	63.13 ± 11.71	61.48 ± 12.76	< 0.001
Gender-female	958 (53.6)	455 (46.5)	555 (62.9)	1324 (54.1)	< 0.001
Current smoking	461 (25.8)	277 (28.3)	202 (22.9)	666 (27.3)	0.034
Current drinking	225 (12.6)	149 (15.2)	87 (9.9)	335 (13.7)	0.004
Body mass index (kg/m2)	23.69 ± 3.82	25.39 ± 3.65	24.98 ± 5.31	25.98 ± 3.86	< 0.001
Physical activity					0.006
Never	781 (43.8)	395 (40.3)	351 (39.8)	1020 (41.7)
Occasionally	219 (12.3)	148 (15.1)	89 (10.1)	299 (12.2)
Often	785 (44.0)	436 (44.5)	443 (50.2)	1126 (46.1)
Diabetes	238 (13.4)	211 (21.6)	148 (16.8)	601 (24.6)	< 0.001
Coronary heart disease	17 (1.0)	14 (1.4)	10 (1.1)	44 (1.8)	0.116
Antihypertensive drugs	786 (44.0)	562 (57.4)	533 (60.4)	1567 (64.1)	< 0.001
Hypoglycemic agents	202 (11.3)	200 (20.4)	116 (13.1)	513 (21.0)	< 0.001
Lipid-lowering drugs	0 (0.0)	225 (23.0)	0 (0.0)	784 (32.1)	< 0.001
Total cholesterol (mg/dL)	189.05 ± 27.72	190.17 ± 48.24	202.90 ± 27.18	215.02 ± 54.14	< 0.001
Triglyceride (mg/dL)	101.13 ± 36.47	163.79 ± 122.33	120.26 ± 38.08	228.21 ± 201.58	< 0.001
Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (mg/dL)	93.02 ± 20.64	94.92 ± 27.47	101.27 ± 21.15	103.35 ± 33.74	< 0.001
High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (mg/dL)	52.66 ± 9.81	43.03 ± 11.78	51.82 ± 11.61	46.68 ± 17.05	< 0.001
Fasting blood glucose (mmol/L)	4.93 ± 1.38	5.14 ± 1.46	4.95 ± 1.22	5.33 ± 1.80	< 0.001
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)	128.64 ± 15.78	130.32 ± 15.42	131.31 ± 15.99	131.55 ± 15.41	< 0.001
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)	79.41 ± 10.17	80.94 ± 9.82	80.13 ± 10.04	81.31 ± 9.83	< 0.001
Estimated glomerular filtration rate (mL/minute/1.73 m2)	96.46 ± 37.20	96.40 ± 35.24	96.20 ± 40.69	94.79 ± 43.15	0.507

Data are presented as mean ± SD or percentage. P values are for the comparison of the difference in longitudinal changes of dyslipidemia groups. Analyzed by one-way analysis of variance.

Table 3 Relationship between longitudinal changes of dyslipidemia with ischemic stroke

	Case/total	Model 1		Model 2		Model 3		Model 4
		HR (95%CI)	P value	HR (95%CI)	P value	HR (95%CI)	P value	HR (95%CI)	P value
Normal was transformed into normal group	28/1786	Reference		Reference		Reference		Reference
Abnormal was transformed into normal group	18/979	1.173 (0.648-2.120)	0.597	1.255 (0.693-2.271)	0.452	1.157 (0.638-2.098)	0.631	1.089 (0.598-1.982)	0.779
Normal was transformed into abnormal group	34/883	2.486 (1.507-4.099)	< 0.001	2.692 (1.629-4.449)	< 0.001	2.531 (1.526-4.199)	< 0.001	2.369 (1.424-3.941)	< 0.001
Abnormal was transformed into abnormal group	63/2446	1.654 (1.060-2.582)	0.026	1.827 (1.168-2.859)	0.008	1.584 (1.005-2.497)	0.015	1.448 (1.002-2.298)	0.047
P for trend		0.156		0.168		0.182		0.233

Data are presented as hazard ratio and 95%CI. HR: Hazard ratio.