Effects of modified Yokoyama surgery combined with medial rectus muscle recession on esotropia in highly myopia athletes

Table 1 Comparison of baseline data between the two groups, n (%) or mean ± SD

Items	Combined group (n = 15)	Traditional group (n = 15)	t/χ2	P value
Age (years)	57.15 ± 8.62	57.83 ± 9.14	0.209	0.835
Gender			0.135	0.712
Male	7 (46.67)	6 (60.00)
Female	8 (53.33)	9 (40.00)
History of high myopia (years)	31.68 ± 6.24	32.11 ± 6.78	0.180	0.857
Eye			1.037	0.595
Left	1 (6.67)	0 (0.00)
Right	1 (6.67)	1 (6.67)
Both	13 (86.67)	14 (93.33)
Axial length (mm)	32.79 ± 2.23	32.92 ± 2.12	0.163	0.871

Table 2 Comparison of eye movement grading between the two groups, mean ± SD

Groups	n	Before treatment	One month after treatment	3 months after treatment	6 months after treatment
Combined group	28	-4.12 ± 0.45	-2.25 ± 0.28a,b	-1.48 ± 0.28a,b	-0.93 ± 0.13b
Traditional group	29	-4.04 ± 0.38	-2.67 ± 0.32b	-1.76 ± 0.43b	-1.03 ± 0.18b
F/PBetween-group comparison		17.540/< 0.001
F/PTime comparison		974.300/< 0.001
F/PGroup and time interaction comparison		6.389/< 0.001

^aP < 0.05 compared with the traditional group.

^bP < 0.05 compared with pre-treatment levels.

Table 3 Comparison of compensatory head posture between the two groups, n (%)

Groups	n	Before treatment	After treatment
Combined group	15	15 (100.00)	1 (6.67)a
Traditional group	15	15 (100.00)	3 (20.00)a
χ2		0.000	1.153
P value		1.000	0.282

^aP < 0.05 compared with pre-treatment levels.

Table 4 Comparison of esotropia improvement between the two groups, n (%)

Groups	n	1 month after treatment	3 months after treatment	6 months after treatment
Combined group	28	13 (46.43)	22 (78.57)	28 (100.00)
Traditional group	29	10 (34.48)	15 (51.72)	26 (89.66)
χ2		0.844	4.508	3.057
P value		0.358	0.033	0.080

Table 5 Comparison of the incidence of complications between the two groups, n (%)

Groups	n	Bulbar conjunctiva congestion and edema	Muscle adhesion	Secondary glaucoma	Anterior segment ischemia
Combined group	28	3 (10.71)	0 (0.00)	0 (0.00)	0 (0.00)
Traditional group	29	4 (13.79)	1 (3.45)	2 (6.89)	1 (3.45)
χ2		0.125	0.000	0.482	0.000
P value		0.723	0.986	0.487	0.986