Ethylene glycol poisoning: A case report and review of the literature

Table 1 Patient’s urine volume in the intensive care unit

Days in ICU/day	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12
Urine volume/mL	500	455	1000	850	850	1000	970	1600	1650	1650	1450	1850

ICU: Intensive care unit.

Table 2 Literature review and our case of ethylene glycol poisoning

Ref.	Age	Sex	Location	Volume of antifreeze	Time after taking antifreeze	Hospital stay duration	Main treatment			Pulmonary infection	Outcome
							Detoxifying agents	Hemodialysis	Mechanical ventilation
Wu et al[3]	35	M	China	About 200 mL	About 19 hours	30 days	Did not use	Y	N	Y	Recovered
Judea-Pusta et al[6]	36	M	Romania	UK	UK	7 days	Did not use	Y	Y	Y	Died
Ukita et al[8]	71	FM	Japan	UK	UK	29 days	Fomepizole and ethanol	Y	N	N	Recovered
Gaddam et al[9]	60	M	United States	UK	3 hours	UK	Fomepizole	Y	Y	N	Recovered
Varshavsky et al[10]	70	M	United States	UK	UK	7 days	Fomepizole	N	N	N	Recovered
Drick et al[12]	60	M	Turkey	About 500 mL	12 hours	UK	Fomepizole and ethanol	Y	N	N	Recovered
Lulić et al[17]	35	FM	Croatia	500 mL	8 hours	28 days	Ethanol	Y	Y	N	Recovered
Basnayake et al[18]	26	FM	Sri Lanka	UK	48 hours	10 days	Fomepizole	Y	N	N	Recovered
Tang[19]	61	M	United States	UK	12 hours	UK	Fomepizole	Y	Y	N	Recovered
Ahmed et al[20]	64	FM	United States	UK	UK	30 days	Fomepizole	Y	Y	N	Recovered

M: Male; FM: Female; Y: Yes; N: No; UK: Unknown.

Table 3 Literature review and our case of ethylene glycol poisoning

Ref.	Age	Sex	Location	Volume of antifreeze	Time after taking antifreeze	Hospital stay duration	Main treatment			Pulmonary infection	Outcome
							Detoxifying agents	Hemodialysis	Mechanical ventilation
Erickson[21]	37	M	United States	About 1000 mL	12 hours	22 hours	Fomepizole	Y	Y	N	Died
Kim[22]	55	FM	United States	UK	UK	UK	Fomepizole	Y	N	N	Recovered
Kolosionek et al[23]	62	M	United States	About 400 mL	5 hours	UK	Fomepizole	Y	Y	N	Recovered
Loriaux et al[24]	38	FM	United States	UK	12 hours	3 days	Fomepizole	Y	Y	UK	Died
Orlando et al[25]	60	M	Italy	UK	UK	21 days	Fomepizole	Y	Y	N	Recovered
Owen et al[26]	17	M	United States	UK	2 days	38 days	Fomepizole	Y	Y	N	Recovered
Sheta et al[27]	57	M	Denmark	UK	UK	UK	Ethanol	Y	Y	N	Recovered
Smit et al[28]	29	M	South Africa	UK	UK	UK	Did not use	Y	Y	N	Recovered
Zuckerman and Vo[29]	39	M	United States	UK	UK	UK	Fomepizole	Y	N	N	Recovered
Our case	55	M	China	About 250 mL	16 hours	22 days	Ethanol	Y	Y	Y	Recovered

M: Male; FM: Female; Y: Yes; N: No; UK: Unknown.