Evaluation of clinical application of Korean medicine standard clinical pathway in a public hospital

Table 1 Korean standard classification of diseases by selected disease

Disease	Korean standard classification of diseases
Neck pain	M25.68, M50.1, M50.8, M50.9, M54.2, S13.4, U30.3
Shoulder pain	M13.91, M19.21, M19.81, M19.91, M24.21, M24.51, M24.61, M24.81, M24.91, M25.51, M25.61, M25.81, M25.91, M62.61, M75.0, M75.1, M75.2, M75.3, M75.4, M75.5, M75.8, M75.9, M79.11, M79.21, S40.0, S43.4, S43.5, S43.6, S43.7

Table 2 Demographics and main outcome variables, n (%)

	Neck pain (non-applications)	Neck pain (applications)	Shoulder pain (non-applications)	Shoulder pain (applications)
Age (years) (average)	46.3 ± 12.3	50.1 ± 15.9	54.5 ± 12.8	50.3 ± 14.5
Age (years) (minimum)	26	27	30	22
Age (years) (maximum)	67	79	81	78
Male	13 (37.1)	12 (40)	16 (39.0)	14 (45.2)
Female	22 (62.9)	18 (60)	25 (61.0)	17 (54.8)
Participants	35 (53.8)	30 (46.2)	41 (56.9)	31 (43.1)
Completed		28 (93.3)		30 (96.8)
Incomplete		2 (6.7)		1 (3.2)

Table 3 Korean standard classification of diseases status by selected diseases, n (%)

Neck pain			Shoulder pain
KCD code	Non-applications (n = 35)	Applications (n = 30)	KCD code	Non-applications (n = 41)	Applications (n = 31)
M54.22	23 (65.7)	20 (66.7)	M75.8	24 (58.5)	12 (38.7)
S13.4	9 (25.7)	8 (26.7)	M79.118	8 (19.5)	10 (32.3)
M50.1	2 (5.7)	0	S43.4	4 (9.8)	4 (12.9)
M54.20	1 (2.9)	0	M25.51	2 (4.9)	0
M25.68	0	1 (3.3)	M24.91	1 (2.4)	0
M50.9	0	1 (3.3)	M75.0	1 (2.4)	1 (3.2)
			M79.110	1 (2.4)	0
			M62.61	0	3 (9.7)
			M13.91	0	1 (3.2)

KCD: Korean standard classification of diseases.

Table 4 Auxiliary variable after correcting for confounding variables

	Neck pain			Shoulder pain
	Number of visits	Total medical expenses	NRS change	Number of visits	Total medical expenses	NRS change
Sex (reference male)	0.05 ± 0.65	0.37 ± 0.32	-0.79 ± 0.66	-0.08 ± 0.33	-0.14 ± 0.28	1.51 ± 0.48b
Age (years) (reference under 65)	0.26 ± 0.30	0.16 ± 0.35	0.35 ± 0.93	0.01 ± 0.41	-0.22 ± 0.41	-0.70 ± 0.62
Symptom intensity (NRS)	0.01 ± 0.07	0.03 ± 0.08	-0.33 ± 0.19	0.02 ± 0.08	-0.04 ± 0.07	-0.61 ± 0.14b
Severity	0.17 ± 0.47	0.06 ± 0.53	1.45 ± 1.29	2.11 ± 0.45b	1.16 ± 0.46b	2.11 ± 1.21
Groups	-0.30 ± 0.25	-0.10 ± 0.27	-1.74 ± 0.64b	-1.52 ± 0.45b	-0.61 ± 0.31	-0.44 ± 0.49
Intercept	1.41 ± 0.65	11.25 ± 0.88c	4.21 ± 1.86b	1.48 ± 0.44b	12.36 ± 0.36b	0.97 ± 0.71

^bP < 0.01.

^cP < 0.001.

NRS: Numerical rating scale.

Table 5 Corresponding sample test of neck disability index and University of California-Los Angeles scale change

Average	SD	SE of the mean	95%CI of difference (lower limit)	95%CI of difference (upper limit)	t test	Degree of Freedom	P value (double-tail)
Neck disability index change	10.30556	10.90307	2.56988	4.88358	15.72753	4.010	17	0.001
University of California-Los Angeles change	-1.80952	3.32594	0.72578	-3.32348	-0.29557	-2.493	20	0.022