Efficacy of catheter-based ultrasound renal denervation in the treatment of hypertension

Table 1 Basic characteristics of the included studies

Ref.	Country or region	Sample	Mean age, years uRDN/sham	Female, % uRDN/sham	Diabetes, % uRDN/sham	eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2 uRDN/sham	Type of HTN patients	uRDN system	Primary outcome	Number of AHT drugs uRDN/sham	Follow-up, months
Azizi et al[10]	United States, Europe	146	54.4/53.8	37.8/45.8	2.7/6.9	84.7/83.2	Aged 18-75 years; ABPM systolic BP/diastolic BP >/= 135/85 mmHg and < 170/105 mm Hg	ParadiseTM	Change in daytime ambulatory systolic BP at 2 months	1.2/1.2	2
Azizi et al[11]	United States, Europe	129	51.9/53.0	18.5/20.3	29.2/26.6	86.8/82.5	Aged 18-75 years; resistant hypertension; office systolic and diastolic BP >/= 140/90 mmHg, despite 3 or more AHT drugs including a diuretic	ParadiseTM	Changes in ambulatory, home, and systolic SBP	4.0/3.9	6
Kario et al[12]	Japan, South Korea	143	50.5/55.6	30.4/20.9	26.1/29.9	74.2/69.6	Aged 20-75 years; resistant hypertension; office BP >/= 150/90 mmHg and ABPM systolic BP > /= 140 mmHg; despite maximum tolerated dosages of at least three AHT drugs from different classes including a diuretic	ParadiseTM	Change in 24-hour ambulatory systolic BP from baseline at 3 months	4.1/3.9	3
Azizi et al[13]	United States, Europe	224	55.1/54.9	31.3/23.0	6.0/6.8	81.4/82.3	Aged 18-75 years; ABPM systolic BP/diastolic BP >/= 135/85 mmHg and < 170/105 mmHg	ParadiseTM	Mean change in daytime ambulatory systolic BP at 2 months	0.9/1.0	2

uRDN: Ultrasound renal denervation; BP: Blood pressure; SBP: Systolic blood pressure; eGFR: Estimated glomerular filtration rate; HTN: Hypertension; AHT: Anti-hypertensive treatment; NA: Not available.