Exercise rehabilitation on patients with non-small cell lung cancer: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Table 1 Literature search strategy

Search strategy	Subject terms	Mesh terms
T1	Lung neoplasms	Pulmonary neoplasms OR neoplasms, lung OR lung neoplasm OR neoplasm, lung OR neoplasms, pulmonary OR neoplasm, pulmonary OR pulmonary neoplasm OR lung cancer OR cancer, lung OR cancers, lung OR lung cancers OR pulmonary cancer OR cancer, pulmonary OR cancers, pulmonary OR pulmonary cancers OR cancer of the lung OR cancer of lung
T2	Exercise	Exercises OR physical activity OR activities, physical OR activity, physical OR physical activities OR exercise, physical OR exercises, physical OR physical exercise OR physical exercises OR acute exercise OR acute exercises OR exercise, acute OR exercises, acute OR exercise, isometric OR exercises, isometric OR isometric exercises OR isometric exercise OR exercise, aerobic OR aerobic exercise OR aerobic exercises OR exercises, aerobic OR exercise training OR exercise trainings OR training, exercise OR trainings, exercise
T3	T1 and T2
Search strategy	Subject terms	Medical Subject Headings terms

Table 2 Literature feature table

Authors	Year	Preoperative/ postoperative	Type	Medication	Experimental group age, mean ± SD	Experimental group gender (male/female)	Intervention method	Duratio (hour/time)	Frequency (time/week)	Period (week)	Control group age, mean ± SD	Control group gender	Control method
Gill Arbane	2010	After surgery	NSCLC	Analgesia	65.4 ± 8.75	N/A	ST	< 0.5	2	12	62.6 ± 3.75	N/A	UC
Denise Shuk Ting Cheung	2021	Preoperative	NSCLC	N/A	61.00 ± 12.12	5/5	AE	0.5-1	2	12	58.36 ± 9.32	5/6	SM
Denise Shuk Ting Cheung	2021	Preoperative	NSCLC	N/A	61.11 ± 7.01	6/3	RT	0.5-1	2	12	58.36 ± 9.32	5/6	SM
Raquel Sebio García	2017	Preoperative	NSCLC	N/A	70.9 ± 6.1	9/1	ST	0.5-1	3-5	According to actual condition	69.4 ± 9.4	11/1	UC
Chueh-Lung Hwang	2012	Preoperative + after surgery	NSCLC	N/A	61.0 ± 6.3	5/8	HIIT	0.5-1	3	< 12	58.5 ± 8.2	7/4	UC
Marcus Jonsson	2019	Preoperative + after surgery	NSCLC	Analgesia	68.7 ± 7.4	29/25	HIIT	< 0.5	6	12	68.4 ± 8.3	18/35	N/A
Marta K. Mikkelsen	2022	Preoperative + after surgery	NSCLC	N/A	72.1 ± 1.8	19/22	XT	0.5-1	2	12	71.5 ± 1.625	17/26	UC
Maria T. Morano	2013	Preoperative	NSCLC	N/A	68.8 ± 7.3	5/7	RT	< 0.5	4	< 12	64.8 ± 8	4/8	UC
Morten Quist	2020	Preoperative	NSCLC	N/A	65.2 ± 8.2	55/55	XT	> 1	2	12	63.5 ± 8.7	52/56	UC
Anna Rutkowska	2019	Preoperative	NSCLC	N/A	59.1 ± 6.8	18/2	XT	0.5-1	5	< 12	61.3 ± 8.8	9/1	UC
Francesco Stefanelli	2013	Preoperative	NSCLC	Improve lung function	65.5 ± 7.4	N/A	RT	> 1	5	< 12	64.8 ± 7.3	N/A	UC
Rui-Chen Ma	2021	Preoperative	NSCLC	N/A	56.97 ± 7.09	13/21	AE	0.5-1	2	According to actual condition	54.91 ± 10.09	8/27	UC

NSCLC: Non-small cell lung cancer; ST: Strength training; AE: Aerobic exercise; RT: Respiratory training; HIIT: High-intensity interval training; XT: Cross training; UC: Usual care; SM: Self-management; N/A: Not applicable.

Table 3 Results of meta-analysis included indicators

Included indicators	Analysis indicators	Group	SMD	95%CI	P value	I2
Physical endurance	Age subgroup analysis	Age < 65	0.31	-0.25 to 0.86	0.28	76.20%
		Age ≥ 65	0.14	-0.32 to 0.59	0.95	89.90%
	Intervention, method, subgroup	AE	-2.07	-3.32 to -0.83	0.01	-
		RT	-2	-1.34 to 0.94	0.733	-
		ST	0.8	-0.07 to 1.68	0.07	-
		HIIT	-0.72	-1.11 to -0.33	0.0001	-
		XT	0.65	0.43 to 0.86	0.0001	0%
	Single intervention duration	< 0.5 hours	-0.96	-1.62 to -0.30	0.034	50.60%
		0.5-1 hour	0.44	0.03 to 0.85	0.004	67.30%
		> 1 hour	0.5	0.15 to 0.85	0.005	-
	Intervention period	< 3 months	0.27	-0.39 to 0.93	0.421	80.80%
		≥ 3 months	0.04	-0.60 to 0.68	0.906	87.50%
	Overall		0.14	-0.32 to 0.59	0.558	85.40%
Muscle function	Age subgroup analysis	Age ≥ 65	0.394	0.205 to 0.582	0.0001	26.80%
		Age < 65	1.842	0.725 to 2.960	0.001	76%
	Intervention, method, subgroup	AE	5.09	2.965 to 7.215	0.825	-
		RT	1.514	0.345 to 2.684	0.011	-
		ST	0.152	-1.203 to 1.508	0.001	83.80%
		XT	0.477	0.298 to 0.656	0.0001	71.50%
	Single intervention duration	< 0.5 hours	0.818	0.140 to 1.497	0.018	-
		0.5-1 hour	1.087	0.154 to 2.021	0.022	85.10%
		> 1 hour	0.451	0.279 to 0.624	0.0001	0
	Intervention period	< 3 months	2.197	0.330 to 4.064	0.021	0.86
		≥ 3 months	0.437	0.213 to 0.661	3.83	0.453
	Overall		0.619	0.304 to 0.933	0.0001	0.715
Cardiorespiratory function	Age subgroup analysis	Age < 65	0.313	-0.275 to 0.902	0.297	0
		Age ≥ 65	1.097	0.370 to 1.824	0.003	88.70%
	Intervention, method, subgroup	HIIT	0.313	-0.275 to 0.902	0.297	0
		RT	1.950	1.413 to 2.487	0.001	0
		XT	0.409	0.166 to 0.652	0.0001	0
	Single intervention duration	0.5-1 hour	0.313	-0.275 to 0.902	0.297	0
		> 1 hour	1.097	0.370 to 1.824	0.297	0
	Intervention period	3 months	0.313	-0.275 to 0.902	0.003	88.70%
		≥ 3 months	1.097	0.370 to 1.824	0.002	82.7%
	Overall		0.856	0.307 to 1.406	-	-

SMD: Standardized mean difference; CI: Confidence interval; AE: Aerobic exercise; RT: Respiratory training; ST: Strength training; HIIT: High-intensity interval training; XT: Cross training.