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©The Author(s) 2024.
World J Clin Cases. Feb 26, 2024; 12(6): 1084-1093
Published online Feb 26, 2024. doi: 10.12998/wjcc.v12.i6.1084
Published online Feb 26, 2024. doi: 10.12998/wjcc.v12.i6.1084
Table 1 Distribution of behavioral and emotional problems detection rates in preschoolers with different demographic characteristics, n (%)
| Feature | n | Emotional problem | Conduct problem | Hyperactivity | Peer interaction | Total score of difficulty | Pro-social behavior question |
| Age | |||||||
| 3 | 642 | 45 (7.0) | 59 (9.2) | 114 (17.8) | 185 (28.8) | 76 (11.8) | 88 (13.7) |
| 4 | 734 | 57 (7.8) | 60 (8.2) | 134 (18.3) | 174 (23.7) | 76 (10.4) | 77 (10.5) |
| 5 | 757 | 55 (7.3) | 48 (6.3) | 129 (17.0) | 147 (19.4) | 69 (9.1) | 63 (8.3) |
| 6 | 120 | 10 (8.3) | 11 (9.2) | 19 (15.8) | 22 (18.3)b | 11 (9.2) | 7 (5.8)a |
| Sex | |||||||
| Male | 1200 | 90 (7.5) | 113 (9.4) | 251 (20.9) | 322 (26.8) | 144 (12.0) | 141 (11.8) |
| Female | 1053 | 77 (7.3) | 65 (6.2)a | 145 (13.8)b | 206 (19.6)b | 88 (8.4)a | 94 (8.9)a |
| Domicile | |||||||
| City proper | 1903 | 126 (6.6) | 133 (7.0) | 333 (17.5) | 423 (22.2) | 178 (9.4) | 187 (9.8) |
| Non-urban | 350 | 41 (11.7)b | 45 (12.9)b | 63 (18.0) | 105 (30.0)a | 54 (15.4)b | 48 (13.7)a |
| Family economic status | |||||||
| Range | 136 | 15 (11.0) | 15 (11.0) | 32 (23.5) | 40 (29.4) | 29 (21.3) | 20 (14.7) |
| Same as | 1870 | 135 (7.2) | 147 (7.9) | 333 (17.8) | 431 (23.0) | 183 (9.8) | 188 (10.1) |
| Preferably | 247 | 17 (6.9) | 16 (6.5) | 31 (12.6)a | 57 (23.1) | 20 (8.1)b | 27 (10.9) |
| Single-child | |||||||
| Yes | 1707 | 126 (7.4) | 133 (7.8) | 309 (18.1) | 400 (23.4) | 180 (10.5) | 175 (10.3) |
| No | 546 | 41 (7.5) | 45 (8.2) | 87 (15.9) | 128 (23.4) | 52 (9.5) | 60 (11.0) |
| Father's education level | |||||||
| Junior high school and below | 267 | 30 (11.2) | 31 (11.6) | 48 (18.0) | 82 (30.7) | 40 (15.0) | 34 (12.7) |
| High school/technical secondary school | 911 | 71 (7.8) | 74 (8.1) | 182 (20.0) | 227 (24.9) | 107 (11.7) | 94 (10.3) |
| College degree or above | 1075 | 66 (6.1)a | 73 (6.8)a | 166 (15.4)a | 219 (20.4)b | 85 (7.9)a | 107 (10.0) |
| Father age | |||||||
| ≤ 24 | 355 | 59 (8.0) | 68 (9.2) | 152 (20.5) | 170 (23.0) | 89 (12.0) | 77 (10.4) |
| 25-29 | 977 | 67 (8.3) | 61 (7.6) | 146 (18.2) | 184 (22.9) | 90 (11.2) | 89 (11.1) |
| ≥ 30 | 911 | 41 (5.8) | 49 (6.9) | 98 (13.8)a | 174 (24.5) | 53 (7.5)a | 69 (9.7) |
| Maternal education level | |||||||
| Junior high school and below | 349 | 33 (9.5) | 46 (13.2) | 68 (19.5) | 99 (28.4) | 49 (14.0) | 45 (12.9) |
| High school/technical secondary school | 884 | 75 (8.5) | 68 (7.7) | 180 (20.4) | 232 (26.2) | 106 (12.0) | 91 (10.3) |
| College degree or above | 1020 | 59 (5.8)a | 64 (6.3)b | 148 (14.5) | 197 (19.3)b | 77 (7.5)b | 99 (9.7) |
| Maternal age | |||||||
| ≤ 24 | 631 | 60 (9.5) | 66 (10.5) | 142 (22.5) | 151 (23.9) | 79 (12.5) | 63 (10.0) |
| 25-29 | 1099 | 64 (6.8) | 66 (7.0) | 159 (17.0) | 214 (22.8) | 100 (10.7) | 104 (11.1) |
| ≥ 30 | 523 | 43 (6.3) | 46 (6.7)a | 95 (13.9)b | 163 (23.8) | 53 (7.7)a | 68 (9.9) |
Table 2 Logistic regression analysis of the relationship between parenting behavior and behavior and mood problems in preschoolers, OR (95%CI)
| Parenting behavior dimension | Emotional symptoms | Conduct problem | Hyperactivity | Peer interaction | Total score of difficulty | Pro-social behavior question |
| Father with support/participation | ||||||
| Low level | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Medium level | 0.89 (0.62, 1.29) | 0.77 (0.54, 1.09) | 0.94 (0.72, 1.22) | 0.59 (0.46, 0.75)b | 0.64 (0.47, 0.88)a | 0.50 (0.37, 0.68)b |
| High tone | 0.64 (0.40, 1.01) | 0.35 (0.21, 0.57)b | 0.68 (0.49, 0.93)a | 0.61 (0.47, 0.81)b | 0.42 (0.28, 0.64)b | 0.26 (0.17, 0.40)b |
| Mother with the support/participation | ||||||
| Low level | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Medium level | 0.72 (0.50, 1.04) | 0.54 (0.38, 0.77)b | 0.92 (0.71, 1.19) | 0.60 (0.48, 0.76)b | 0.60 (0.44, 0.82)a | 0.44 (0.33, 0.60)b |
| High tone | 0.63 (0.40, 0.99)a | 0.33 (0.20, 0.54)b | 0.53 (0.38, 0.74)b | 0.53 (0.40, 0.70)b | 0.41 (0.27, 0.63)b | 0.24 (0.15, 0.37)b |
| Father is hostile/coercive | ||||||
| low level | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Medium level | 0.97 (0.64, 1.49) | 1.66 (1.04, 2.65)a | 1.48 (1.10, 2.00)a | 1.25 (0.97, 1.62) | 1.63 (1.08, 2.46)a | 1.18 (0.84, 1.66) |
| High tone | 2.00 (1.30, 3.08)a | 3.27 (2.03, 5.25)b | 2.29 (1.66, 3.15)b | 1.92 (1.45, 2.54)b | 3.25 (2.14, 4.94)b | 1.12 (0.76, 1.65) |
| Mother is hostile/coercive | ||||||
| Low level | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Medium level | 1.31 (0.85, 2.01) | 2.03 (1.27, 3.22)a | 1.63 (1.20, 2.20)a | 1.38 (1.07, 1.78)a | 6.01 (1.08, 2.38)a | 1.28 (0.91, 1.79) |
| High tone | 2.08 (1.36, 3.19)a | 3.24 (2.04, 5.15)b | 2.87 (2.11, 3.89)b | 1.90 (1.46, 2.48)b | 2.99 (2.03, 4.42)b | 1.28 (0.89, 1.85) |
Table 3 Comparison of the associations between parenting behavior and behavioral and emotional problems in preschool children, OR (95%CI)
| Parenting behavior dimension | Emotional symptoms | Conduct problem | Hyperactivity | Peer interaction | Total score of difficulty | Pro-social behavior question |
| Father with a high-level of support/participation | 0.64 (0.40, 1.01) | 0.35 (0.21, 0.57) | 0.68 (0.49, 0.93) | 0.61 (0.47, 0.81) | 0.42 (0.28, 0.64) | 0.26 (0.17, 0.40) |
| High-level level of maternal support/participation | 0.63 (0.40, 0.99) | 0.33 (0.20, 0.54) | 0.53 (0.38, 0.74) | 0.53 (0.40, 0.70) | 0.41 (0.27, 0.63) | 0.24 (0.15, 0.37) |
| ROR | 1.02 (0.53, 1.94) | 1.06 (0.52, 2.14) | 1.28 (0.81, 2.04) | 1.15 (0.78, 1.70) | 1.02 (0.57, 1.85) | 1.08 (0.58, 2.02) |
| P value | 0.962 | 0.870 | 0.291 | 0.480 | 0.936 | 0.801 |
| Father with a high level of hostility/coercion | 2.00 (1.30, 3.08) | 3.27 (2.03, 5.25) | 2.29 (1.66, 3.15) | 1.92 (1.45, 2.54) | 3.25 (2.14, 4.94) | 1.12 (0.76, 1.65) |
| Mother with a high level of hostility/coercion | 2.08 (1.36, 3.19) | 3.24 (2.04, 5.15) | 2.87 (2.11, 3.89) | 1.90 (1.46, 2.48) | 2.99 (2.03, 4.42) | 1.28 (0.89, 1.85) |
| ROR | 0.96 (0.52, 1.76) | 1.01 (0.52, 1.96) | 0.80 (0.51, 1.24) | 1.01 (0.69, 1.49) | 1.09 (0.61, 1.92) | 0.88 (0.51, 1.49) |
| P value | 0.899 | 0.978 | 0.318 | 0.958 | 0.775 | 0.623 |
- Citation: Wang SM, Yan SQ, Xie FF, Cai ZL, Gao GP, Weng TT, Tao FB. Association of preschool children behavior and emotional problems with the parenting behavior of both parents. World J Clin Cases 2024; 12(6): 1084-1093
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2307-8960/full/v12/i6/1084.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.12998/wjcc.v12.i6.1084