Clinical efficacy and mechanism study of mid-frequency anti-snoring device in treating moderate obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the study participants

Variable	Data
Male/female	35/15
Age in yr	38.5 ± 6.8
Height in cm	170.3 ± 10.8
Weight in kg	89.7 ± 15.6
BMI in kg/m2	29.5 ± 3.4
Systolic blood pressure in mmHg	122.3 ± 11.4
Diastolic blood pressure in mmHg	71.6 ± 10.2

Data are mean ± SD or n/N. BMI: Body mass index.

Table 2 Comparison of sleep monitoring parameters before and after treatment (mean ± SD)

Parameter	Before treatment	After treatment	t value	P value
AHI, %	24.38 ± 9.16	12.63 ± 8.27	7.47	< 0.05
LSPO2, %	72.62 ± 9.53	84.84 ± 8.71	4.32	< 0.05
SPO2 < 90%, %	14.65 ± 7.26	10.33 ± 5.32	3.15	< 0.05
Snoring, %	44.54 ± 26.13	15.07 ± 9.25	3.37	< 0.05
Most prolonged apnea duration in s	56.08 ± 20.11	25.58 ± 11.27	4.21	< 0.05
AAI resp as events/h	19.89 ± 11.61	11.74 ± 6.39	5.01	< 0.05
AAI non resp as events/h	15.71 ± 7.18	9.37 ± 4.27	6.11	< 0.05
RERA as events/h	5.91 ± 3.99	2.61 ± 2.65	5.69	< 0.05

Data are mean ± SD. AAI: Autonomous arousal index; AHI: Apnea-hypopnea index; LSPO₂: Lowest pulse oxygen saturation; RERA: Respiratory effort-related arousals; SPO₂: Oxygen saturation.

Table 3 Comparison of sleep apnea quality of life index and Epworth Sleepiness Scale before and after treatment (mean ± SD)

Index	Before treatment	After treatment	t value	P value
Daily life activity rating	3.8 ± 0.9	5.4 ± 1.3	5.67	< 0.05
Social activity rating	3.7 ± 1.0	4.8 ± 0.7	5.92	< 0.05
Emotional state score	4.6 ± 1.1	5.3 ± 1.2	3.15	< 0.05
Symptom score	4.4 ± 1.2	5.2 ± 0.9	3.37	< 0.05
SAQLI scale score	4.2 ± 0.5	4.8 ± 0.4	8.94	< 0.05
ESS scale score	14.8 ± 5.7	10.2 ± 4.3	3.31	< 0.05

ESS: Epworth Sleepiness Scale; SAQLI: Sleep apnea quality of life index.

Table 4 Comparison of soft palate posterior airway area and retrolingual airway area computed tomography scan results in obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome patients in different states (mean ± SD)

Position	Awake	Snoring	Anti-snoring
Soft palate posterior airway area	80.47 ± 18.56	22.05 ± 16.471	71.61 ± 17.382
Retrolingual airway area	155.36 ± 13.29	120.45 ± 12.233	150.61 ± 12.354

¹Compared to the awake state, the airway cross-sectional area decreased during snoring (t = 5.301, P = 0.000).

²Compared to the snoring state, the airway cross-sectional area increased (t = 2.806, P = 0.021).

³Compared to the awake state, the airway cross-sectional area decreased during snoring (t = 5.021, P = 0.001).

⁴In contrast, when compared to the snoring state, the airway cross-sectional area increased (t = 5.029, P = 0.001).