Safety and efficacy of posterior approach for resection of spinal meningioma: Impact of dural attachment location

Table 1 Patient information

Case number	Age (years)	Sex	Clinical presentation	Duration of symptoms (months)	Spinal segment	Dural attachment location	Calcification	Tumor length (cm)
1	68	Male	Pain; Sensory and motor deficit	4	T8	Ventrolateral	No	1.66
2	73	Male	No	0	T8/9	Dorsolateral	Yes	1.88
3	71	Female	Pain	24	T4	Dorsolateral	Yes	2.26
4	60	Female	Pain; Sensory deficit	12	T7-9	Dorsolateral	Yes	1.66
5	57	Female	No	0	T9-11	Ventrolateral	No	2.00
6	68	Female	Pain; Sensory and motor deficit	24	T4	Ventrolateral	Yes	1.35
7	54	Female	Sensory and motor deficit	5	T9/10	Ventral	No	1.69
8	45	Male	No	0	T12	Lateral	No	1.57
9	61	Female	Pain; Sensory deficit	12	T11/12	Dorsal	Yes	1.63
10	69	Female	Sensory and motor deficit	12	T3	Ventral	No	1.70
11	58	Female	Sensory and motor deficit; Urinary dysfunction	72	T6/7	Ventrolateral	Yes	1.66
12	63	Female	Sensory and motor deficit	24	T11/12	Dorsal	No	2.63
13	69	Female	Sensory and motor deficit	4	T5/6	Ventrolateral	No	1.61
14	53	Male	Sensory and motor deficit	12	T9/10	Dorsal	No	1.26
15	71	Female	Sensory and motor deficit	12	C5/6	Lateral	Yes	1.74
16	57	Male	Pain; Sensory deficit	12	T5/6	Lateral	No	1.39
17	58	Female	Sensory and motor deficit	12	T7/8	Lateral	No	1.46
18	76	Female	Sensory and motor deficit	2	T7/8	Dorsolateral	No	1.20
19	71	Male	Sensory and motor deficit	60	T4/5	Dorsal	No	1.34
20	58	Female	Sensory and motor deficit	36	T7/8	Ventrolateral	No	2.22
21	50	Male	Sensory and motor deficit	6	T7/8	Dorsal	No	1.46
22	49	Female	No	0	T10/11	Dorsal	No	1.44
23	72	Female	Sensory and motor deficit	24	T9	Ventral	No	1.39
24	73	Female	Motor deficit; Urinary dysfunction	12	T7/8	Lateral	No	1.54
25	50	Female	Sensory and motor deficit	12	T4	Ventrolateral	No	0.94
26	56	Female	Pain; Sensory and motor deficit	3	T3/4	Ventrolateral	No	2.51
27	68	Male	Sensory deficit	2	T4	Dorsal	No	2.25
28	70	Female	Pain; Sensory deficit	48	T8/9	Dorsal	Yes	1.93
29	58	Female	Sensory and motor deficit	1	T10/11	Ventrolateral	Yes	1.56
30	61	Male	Sensory and motor deficit	12	T1/2	Ventrolateral	No	1.45
31	27	Female	Sensory and motor deficit	7	C3-6	Ventrolateral	No	4.05
32	83	Male	Motor deficit	12	T6/7	Dorsolateral	No	1.60
33	71	Female	Motor deficit	12	T11/12	Lateral	No	2.50
34	63	Female	Sensory and motor deficit	24	T5/6	Lateral	No	0.80

Table 2 Demographics, clinical characteristics and histological features of all pooled patients, mean ± SD (range)

Variable	Value
Cohort size (n)	34
Age (years)	62.09 ± 10.8 (27-83)
Sex
Male	10
Female	24
Tumor level
Cervical	2
Thoracic	32
Dural attachment location
Dorsal/dorsolateral	13
Ventral/ventrolateral	14
Lateral	7
Tumor length
< 1 cm	2
1-2 cm	24
> 2 cm	8
Preoperative MMG
I/II	6
III/IV/V	28
Symptoms
Pain/myelopathy	31
Incidental	3
Duration of symptoms (months)	15.12 ± 16.86 (0-72)
Hospital length of stay (days)	19.68 ± 7.91 (9-39)
Follow-up duration (months)	22.65 ± 12 (6-36)
Operative time (minutes)	176.76 ± 50.22 (80-310)
Intraoperative blood loss (mL)	520.59 ± 380.41 (100-1700)
Calcification
No	25
Yes	9
Histological types
Meningothelial	17
Psammomatous	10
Transitional	4
Fibrous	2
Atypical	1
WHO grade
1	33
2	1
Simpson grade
1	5
2	29
Instrument fusion
No	11
Yes	23
Perioperative complications
CSF leakage	3
Pneumonia	1
Urinary tract infection	1
Recurrence	1

MMG: Modified McCormick grade; WHO: World Health Organization; CSF: Cerebral spinal fluid.

Table 3 Comparison of dorsal/dorsolateral, ventral/ventrolateral and lateral dural attachment subgroups, mean ± SD (range)

Variable	Dorsal/dorsolateral (n = 13)	Ventral/ventrolateral (n = 14)	Lateral (n = 7)	P value
Age (years)	65.23 ± 10.35	58.93 ± 11.37	62.57 ± 10.1	0.314
Sex
Male	6	2	2	0.208
Female	7	12	5
Preoperative MMG
I/II/III	6	4	2	0.996
IV/V	7	10	5
Postoperative MMG
I/II/III	12	9	5	0.495
IV/V	1	5	2
Final follow-up MMG
I/II/III	12	11	4	0.208
IV/V	1	3	3
Preoperative VAS score	3.54 ± 2.67	4.64 ± 1.6	3.71 ± 2.81	0.732
Postoperative VAS score	1.62 ± 1.33	2.57 ± 1.09	1.71 ± 1.25	0.11
Final follow-up VAS score	0.38 ± 0.65	0.5 ± 0.65	0.29 ± 0.49	0.738
Calcification
No	8	11	6	0.538
Yes	5	3	1
Operative time (min)	185.38 ± 53.29	174.29 ± 33.62	165.71 ± 73.68	0.751
Intraoperative blood loss (mL)	569.23 ± 449.79	478.57 ± 254.74	514.29 ± 491.35	0.8
Simpson grade
1	4	1	0	0.189
2	9	13	7
Perioperative complications
CSF leakage	2	1	0
Urinary tract infection	0	1	0	0.602
Pneumonia	0	0	1
Follow-up duration (months)	19.31 ± 12.53 (6-36)	24 ± 11.6 (6-36)	26.14 ± 12.08 (6-36)	0.34
Recurrence
No	13	13	7	1
Yes	0	1	0

MMG: Modified McCormick grade; VAS: Visual analogue scale.