Comprehensive interventions for adult cyclic vomiting syndrome complicated by superior mesenteric artery syndrome: A case report

Table 1 Formula of parenteral nutrition via peripherally inserted central catheter

Formula	Specifications	Dosage (mL)	Frequency
Compound amino acid injection	250 mL: 28.5 g	500	Ivgtt qd
Compound amino acid injection	8.5%/250 mL	250
Glucose injection	10%/100 mL	250
Glucose injection	5%/500 mL	300
Medium- and long-chain fat emulsion for injection	20%: 250 mL	250
Concentrated sodium chloride injection	10 mL: 1 g	30
Multiple microelement injection	10 mL	10
Sodium glycerophosphate injection	10 mL: 2.16 g	10
Magnesium sulfate injection	10 mL: 2.5 g	10
Calcium gluconate injection	10 mL: 1 g	5
Water-soluble vitamin injection	1 vial	1 vial
Fat-soluble vitamin injection	10 mL	10

Table 2 Comparison of clinical characteristics between cyclic vomiting syndrome and superior mesenteric artery syndrome

Characteristics	CVS	SMAS
Onset	Sudden and recurrent episodes	Gradual onset
Symptoms	Severe nausea and vomiting, abdominal pain	Early satiety, postprandial abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting
Triggers	Stress, infections, certain foods, menses, etc.	Physical activity, weight loss, position changes, dietary changes
Duration of episodes	Lasts for hours to days, with variable duration of symptom-free intervals	Persistent until compression is resolved
Age of onset	More common in children, but can occur in adults	Typically in adolescents and young adults
Diagnostic tests	Mainly clinical diagnosis, exclusion of other causes	Upper gastrointestinal series, endoscopy, CT scan
Treatment	Anti-emetics, anti-anxiety medications, lifestyle changes, psychotherapy	Nutritional support, small frequent meals, surgery for decompression

CVS: Cyclic vomiting syndrome; SMAS: Superior mesenteric artery syndrome; CT: Computed tomography.