Efficacy of graphene nanocomposites for air disinfection in dental clinics: A randomized controlled study

Table 1 Airborne colonization in the consultation room (CFU/m³), mean ± SD

		Graphene group, group A	General group, group B	Blank group, group C	P value
Pre-treatment		2.62 ± 11.72	5.24 ± 16.13	2.62 ± 11.72
	Min-value	0	0	0	0.768
	Max-value	52.41	52.41	52.41
During treatment		584.37 ± 211.20	1540.85 ± 356.84	2463.27 ± 208.95
	Min-value	262.05	524.10	2096.40	0.000
	Max-value	1100.61	1991.58	3092.19
Post-treatment		414.04 ± 115.20	833.32 ± 172.49	2195.98 ± 296.91
	Min-value	262.05	576.51	1519.89	0.000
	Max-value	576.51	1153.02	2620.50

Table 2 PM_2.5 in clinic (μg/m³), mean ± SD

		Graphene group, group A	General group, group B	Blank group, group C	P value
Pre-treatment		28.30 ± 3.61	29.75 ± 4.19	29.55 ± 4.30
	Min-value	21	23	22	0.539
	Max-value	34	38	38
During		77.45 ± 9.82	117.10 ± 12.67	153.20 ± 8.78
	Min-value	53	101	135	0.000
	Max-value	92	150	168
Post-treatment		39.15 ± 7.24	71.26 ± 9.59	101.20 ± 5.12
	Min-value	20	58	90	0.000
	Max-value	49	90	112

Table 3 Number of colonies at the exhaust port of the suction unit and on the surface of the filter for groups A and B, mean ± SD

	Suction device exhaust port colony number (CFU/m3)		Colony count on the surface of the filter (CFU/m3)
	Graphene attraction	Convention attraction	Graphene coating	Regular filter
	2.62 ± 11.72	83.86 ± 52.13	0.055 ± 0.16	20.06 ± 7.06
Min-value	0	0	0	11
Max-value	52.41	209.64	0.7	33
P value	0.000		0.000