Relationship of inflammatory indices with left atrial appendage thrombus or spontaneous echo contrast in patients with atrial fibrillation

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of patients with or without left atrial appendage thrombus/dense spontaneous echo contrast

Variable	Study group	Control group	P value
n	53	353	-
Age, years	69.0 ± 9.5	69.4 ± 8.7	0.731
Male	34 (64.2)	224 (63.5)	0.922
Body mass index, kg/m2	24.3 ± 3.5	24.4 ± 3.4	0.943
Paroxysmal AF	8 (15.1)	122 (34.6)	0.005
Hypertension	38 (71.7)	233 (66.0)	0.412
Diabetes mellitus	4 (7.5)	66 (18.7)	0.045
Congestive heart failure	9 (17.0)	43 (12.2)	0.330
Coronary heart disease	5 (9.4)	31 (8.8)	0.799
Prior TIA/stroke	34 (64.2)	256 (72.5)	0.208
CHA2DS2-VASc score	4.4 ± 1.7	4.6 ± 1.5	0.273
LA diameter, mm	47.6 ± 6.6	44.5 ± 7.4	0.004
LVEF, %	60.8 ±6.3	62.0 ± 6.7	0.231
LAA orifice diameter, mm	24.8 ± 4.4	24.7 ± 5.0	0.876
LAA depth, mm	30.5 ± 4.9	29.3 ± 5.8	0.151
Uric acid, μmol/L	374.1 ± 95.4	350.4 ± 91.2	0.081
eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2	84.0 ± 24.7	85.2 ± 23.5	0.735

AF: Atrial fibrillation; TIA: Transient ischemic attack; OAC: Oral anticoagulation; LA: Left atrium; LVEF: Left ventricular ejection fraction; LAA: Left atrial appendage; eGFR: Estimated glomerular filtration rate.

Table 2 Inflammatory indices of patients with or without left atrial appendage thrombus /dense spontaneous echo contrast

Variable	Study group	Control group	P value
n	53	353	-
Neutrophil count, × 109/L	4.5 ± 1.8	3.7 ± 1.3	0.004
Lymphocyte count, × 109/L	1.3 ± 0.3	1.6 ± 0.5	< 0.001
Monocyte count, × 109/L	0.7 (0.5-1.4)	0.6 (0.5-0.6)	< 0.001
Platelet count, × 109/L	197.2 ± 62.7	193.3 ± 60.0	< 0.001
CRP, mg/L	1.1 (0.5-3.1)	0.5 (0.4-1.2)	< 0.001
NLR	3.8 ± 1.9	2.6 ± 1.2	< 0.001
LMR	1.8 ± 1.2	2.9 ± 1.3	< 0.001
PLR	164.8 ± 58.5	134.1 ± 53.4	< 0.001

CRP: C-reactive protein; NLR: Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio; LMR: Lymphocyte-monocyte ratio; PLR: Platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio.

Table 3 Predictors of left atrial appendage thrombus/spontaneous echo contrast according to univariate and multivariate logistic analyses

Variable	Univariable analysis		Multivariable analysis
	OR (95%CI)	P value	OR (95%CI)	P value
Nonparoxysmal AF	2.97 (1.36-6.50)	0.006	1.67 (0.71-3.95)	0.243
Diabetes mellitus	0.36 (0.12-1.02)	0.054	0.37 (0.12-1.18)	0.093
LA diameter, per 1 mm increase	1.06 (1.02-1.10)	0.005	1.04 (0.99-1.09)	0.121
Uric acid, per 10 μmol/L increase	1.03 (0.99-1.06)	0.082	1.03 (0.99-1.06)	0.113
CRP, per 1 mg/L increase	1.06 (1.01-1.11)	0.012	1.04 (0.98-1.09)	0.171
NLR, per 1 unit increase	1.75 (1.41-2.18)	< 0.001	1.48 (1.11-1.98)	0.007
LMR, per 1 unit increase	0.43 (0.31-0.59)	< 0.001	0.59 (0.41-0.83)	0.003
PLR, per 10 units increase	1.10 (1.04-1.15)	< 0.001	1.00 (0.93-1.07)	0.893

AF: Atrial fibrillation; LA: Left atrium; CRP: C-reactive protein; NLR: Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio; LMR: Lymphocyte-monocyte ratio; PLR: Platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio.