Serum cystatin C, monocyte/high-density lipoprotein-C ratio, and uric acid for the diagnosis of coronary heart disease and heart failure

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the 80 patients, n (%)

Variable	Total (n = 80)	CHD (n = 20)	HF (n = 20)	CHD + HF (n = 20)	Control (n = 20)	P value
Age (yr)	63.2 ± 9.8	64.1 ± 10.4	62.3 ± 9.6	63.5 ± 9.2	62.9 ± 9.9	0.87
Male	45 (56.3)	12 (60.0)	11 (55.0)	13 (65.0)	9 (45.0)	0.54
Hypertension	52 (65.0)	14 (70.0)	13 (65.0)	15 (75.0)	10 (50.0)	0.23
Diabetes	32 (40.0)	9 (45.0)	8 (40.0)	10 (50.0)	5 (25.0)	0.28
Dyslipidemia	30 (37.5)	8 (40.0)	7 (35.0)	9 (45.0)	6 (30.0)	0.67
Smoking	29 (36.3)	8 (40.0)	7 (35.0)	9 (45.0)	5 (25.0)	0.48
Clinical presentation						0.41
Stable angina	37 (46.3)	10 (50.0)	8 (40.0)	11 (55.0)	8 (40.0)
Unstable angina	27 (33.8)	8 (40.0)	7 (35.0)	8 (40.0)	4 (20.0)
Acute myocardial infarction	16 (20.0)	2 (10.0)	5 (25.0)	1 (5.0)	8 (40.0)
LVEF	55.6 ± 9.2	57.2 ± 8.6	54.1 ± 9.8	53.8 ± 9.4	56.9 ± 8.9	0.59

LVEF: Left ventricular ejection fraction; HF: Heart failure; CHD: Coronary heart disease.

Table 2 Serum levels of cystatin C, monocyte/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio, and uric acid

Variable	Total (n = 80)	CHD (n = 20)	HF (n = 20)	CHD + HF (n = 20)	Control (n = 20)	P value
Cys-C (mg/L)	1.3 ± 0.4	1.5 ± 0.3	1.4 ± 0.4	1.7 ± 0.4	1.0 ± 0.2	< 0.001
MHR	0.9 × 109	1.0 × 109	0.9 × 109	1.1 × 109	0.7 × 109	< 0.001
UA (μmol/L)	424.2 ± 125.7	469.2 ± 119.4	437.1 ± 130.6	508.5 ± 124.7	347.4 ± 89.7	< 0.001

Cys-C: Cystatin C; MHR: Monocyte/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio; UA: Uric acid; HF: Heart failure; CHD: Coronary heart disease.

Table 3 Diagnostic value of serum cystatin C, monocyte/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio, and uric acid for coronary heart disease and heart failure

Biomarkers	Cut-off value	Sensitivity	Specificity	PPV	NPV	Accuracy	AUC (95%CI)
Cys-C for CHD	1.2 mg/L	80	85	80	85	82.5	0.86 (0.77–0.95)
MHR for CHD	0.9 × 109	85	80	77	87	82.5	0.87 (0.78–0.96)
UA for CHD	389 μmol/L	75	90	86	81	82.5	0.86 (0.77–0.95)
Cys-C for HF	1.4 mg/L	85	80	77	87	82.5	0.88 (0.79–0.97)
MHR for HF	1.0 × 109	80	85	80	85	82.5	0.87 (0.78–0.96)
UA for HF	449 μmol/L	80	85	80	85	82.5	0.88 (0.79–0.97)
Cys-C for CHD + HF	1.6 mg/L	90	85	82	92	87.5	0.93 (0.86–1.00)
MHR for CHD + HF	1.1 × 109	85	90	85	90	87.5	0.91 (0.83–0.99)
UA for CHD + HF	508 μmol/L	85	90	85	90	87.5	0.92 (0.84–1.00)

CysC: Cystatin C; MHR: Monocyte/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio; UA: Uric acid; CHD: Coronary heart disease; HF: Heart failure; PPV: Positive predictive value; NPV: Negative predictive value; AUC: Area under the curve.