Early diagnostic value of carotid artery ultrasound parameters combined with epicardial adipose layer thickness in coronary heart disease

Table 1 Comparison of clinical data, n (%)/ mean ± SD

Clinical data	Case group (n = 107)	Control group (n = 41)	t/χ2 value	P value
Age (yr)	59.54 ± 10.62	59.28 ± 10.53	0.134	0.893
Gender			0.774	0.379
Male	62 (57.94)	27 (65.85)
Female	45 (42.06)	14 (34.15)
BMI, kg/m2	24.18 ± 1.51	23.79 ± 1.26	1.469	0.144
Heart rate, beats/min	77.43 ± 5.65	76.51 ± 5.47	0.894	0.373
Upper and lower diameter of right atrium, mm	45.17 ± 5.98	45.04 ± 5.85	0.119	0.905
Drinking history	31 (28.97)	8 (19.51)	1.367	0.242
FPG, mmol/L	5.26 ± 0.35	5.18 ± 0.26	1.329	0.186
SBP, mm Hg	131.84 ± 15.46	127.39 ± 10.57	1.696	0.092
DBP, mm Hg	84.33 ± 8.92	81.58 ± 8.06	1.722	0.087
TC, mmol/L	3.74 ± 0.51	3.85 ± 0.62	1.104	0.271
TG, mmol/L	1.42 ± 0.26	1.34 ± 0.23	1.727	0.086
HDL-C, mmol/L	1.08 ± 0.15	1.12 ± 0.17	1.398	0.164
LDL-C, mmol/L	2.32 ± 0.54	2.28 ± 0.51	0.409	0.683

BMI: Body mass index; DBP: Diastolic blood pressure; FPG: Fasting blood glucose; HDL-C: High-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C: Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; SBP: Systolic blood pressure; TC: Total cholesterol; TG: Triglycerides.

Table 2 Comparison of ultrasound data, mean ± SD

Ultrasound data	Case group (n = 107)	Control group (n = 41)	t value	P value
β	9.32 ± 2.75	4.18 ± 0.93	11.690	< 0.001
EP (kPa)	117.84 ± 31.49	56.92 ± 14.17	11.910	< 0.001
PWV-β (m/s)	7.81 ± 1.27	4.95 ± 0.86	13.290	< 0.001
CIMT (mm)	0.97 ± 0.32	0.63 ± 0.13	6.587	< 0.001
EAT (mm)	7.48 ± 2.13	2.04 ± 0.64	16.050	< 0.001

CIMT: Carotid intima-media thickness; β: Vascular stiffness; EP: Elastic coefficient; EAT: Epicardial fat layer thickness; PWV-β: Pulse wave conduction velocity.

Table 3 Comparison of ultrasonic parameters in patients with coronary heart disease with different lesion counts, mean ± SD

Ultrasonic data	1-vessel disease (n = 34)	2-vessel disease (n = 38)	3-vessel disease (n = 35)	F value	P value
β	7.48 ± 2.35	9.18 ± 2.72a	10.99 ± 3.16a,b	13.901	< 0.001
Ep (kPa)	89.92 ± 25.06	118.24 ± 31.57a	141.15 ± 35.83a,b	23.310	< 0.001
PWV-β (m/s)	6.56 ± 1.04	7.79 ± 1.25a	8.82 ± 1.47a,b	27.493	< 0.001
CIMT (mm)	0.75 ± 0.23	0.96 ± 0.28a	1.17 ± 0.34a,b	18.450	< 0.001
EAT (mm)	5.19 ± 1.58	7.52 ± 2.26a	9.45 ± 2.87a,b	29.592	< 0.001

^aP < 0.05, indicates a statistically significant compared with 1-vessel disease.

^bP < 0.05, indicates a statistically significant compared with 2-vessel disease.

CIMT: Carotid intima-media thickness; β: Vascular stiffness; EP: Elastic coefficient; EAT: Epicardial fat layer thickness; PWV-β: Pulse wave conduction velocity.

Table 4 Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis results

Index	AUC	95%CI	Optimal cutoff value	Sensitivity	Specificity
EAT (mm)	0.872	0.801–0.943	6.35	0.863	0.814
CIMT (mm)	0.826	0.760–0.891	0.95	0.805	0.789
Carotid artery elasticity	0.864	0.803–0.926		0.854	0.802
Combination of the three	0.893	0.839–0.947		0.890	0.837

AUC: Area under the curve; CIMT: Carotid intima-media thickness; EAT: Epicardial fat layer thickness; ROC: Receiver operating characteristic.