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©The Author(s) 2023.
World J Clin Cases. Feb 6, 2023; 11(4): 764-779
Published online Feb 6, 2023. doi: 10.12998/wjcc.v11.i4.764
Published online Feb 6, 2023. doi: 10.12998/wjcc.v11.i4.764
Table 1 Comorbidities comparison in inflammatory bowel disease-rheumatoid arthritis overlap patients with and without major depressive disorders, national inpatient sample year 2000 to 2019
IBD-RA without depressive disorders, weighted, n (%) | IBD-RA with depressive disorders, weighted, n (%) | P value | |
Liver disease, mild | 6400 (5.97) | 2130 (8.14) | < 0.0001a |
Liver disease, moderate to severe | 786 (0.73) | 230 (0.88) | 0.2871a |
Peptic ulcer disease | 1709 (1.59) | 632 (2.41) | < 0.0001a |
Esophageal disorders | 30712 (28.65) | 10569 (40.40) | < 0.0001a |
Gastritis | 3781 (3.52) | 1124 (4.30) | 0.0095a |
Diabetes mellitus with chronic complications | 6367 (5.94) | 2005 (7.66) | < 0.0001a |
Diabetes mellitus without chronic complications | 14014 (13.07) | 3533 (13.50) | 0.4244a |
Hypertension | 40782 (38.05) | 10493 (40.12) | 0.0080a |
Heart Failure | 12798 (11.94) | 2908 (11.11) | 0.1176a |
Coronary artery disease | 16644 (15.53) | 3549 (13.57) | 0.0007a |
Cardiac dysrhythmias | 16114 (15.04) | 3299 (12.61) | < 0.0001a |
Myocardial infarction | 1316 (1.23) | 224 (0.86) | 0.0237a |
Stroke | 1530 (1.42) | 230 (0.88) | 0.0018a |
Iron Deficiency Anemia | 9298 (8.68) | 2296 (8.78) | 0.8167a |
Nutritional deficiencies | 4062 (3.79) | 1494 (5.71) | < 0.0001a |
Lipid Metabolism disorders | 24990 (23.32) | 7036 (26.90) | < 0.0001a |
Thyroid disorders | 18029 (16.82) | 5531 (21.15) | < 0.0001a |
Chronic Pancreatitis | 1165 (1.09) | 507 (1.94) | < 0.0001a |
Renal failure, moderate | 8563 (7.99) | 2132 (8.15) | 0.7113a |
Renal failure, severe | 2965 (2.77) | 767 (2.93) | 0.5434a |
Menopausal disorders | 536 (0.50) | 222 (0.84) | 0.0033a |
Osteoporosis | 11752 (10.97) | 3544 (13.55) | < 0.0001a |
Osteoarthritis | 15084 (14.07) | 4562 (17.44) | < 0.0001a |
Obesity | 11706 (10.92) | 4062 (15.53) | <.00011 |
Weight Loss | 1201 (1.12) | 365 (1.39) | 0.1101a |
Protein-calorie malnutrition | 8479 (7.91) | 2370 (9.06) | 0.0085a |
Leukemia | 558 (0.52) | 134 (0.51) | 0.9401a |
Lymphoma | 838 (0.78) | 181 (0.69) | 0.5132a |
Metastatic cancer | 1381 (1.29) | 329 (1.26) | 0.8524a |
Solid tumor without metastasis, malignant | 3785 (2.84) | 850 (0.64) | 0.8524a |
Paralysis | 1498 (1.40) | 495 (1.89) | 0.0114a |
Dementia | 2291 (2.14) | 886 (3.39) | < 0.0001a |
AIDS | 212 (0.19) | 45 (0.17) | 0.6818a |
Smoking | 32336 (30.17) | 9893 (37.82) | < 0.0001a |
Alcohol | 1747 (1.63) | 950 (3.63) | < 0.0001a |
Opioids | 3180 (2.97) | 1797 (6.87) | < 0.0001a |
Table 2 Comparison of Patients’ demographics and hospital Characteristics of inflammatory bowel disease-rheumatoid arthritis overlap patients with and without depressive disorders, national inpatient sample year 2000 to 2019
IBD-RA without MDD, weighted, n (%) | IBD-RA with MDD, weighted, n (%) | P value | |
Weighted total, n (%) | 107160 (80.38) | 26155 (19.62) | |
Sex | < 0.0001a | ||
Female | 78088 (72.87) | 21052 (80.49) | |
Male | 29073 (27.13) | 5103 (19.51) | |
Age (yr), mean ± SD | 58.70 ± 16.89 | 56.36 ± 15.47 | < 0.0001b |
Age groups (yr) | < 0.0001c | ||
< 18 | 319 (0.29) | 25 (0.10) | |
18-44 | 22215 (20.73) | 5887 (22.50) | |
45-64 | 40363 (37.67) | 11544 (44.14) | |
65-84 | 39111 (36.50) | 7902 (30.21) | |
≥ 85 | 5152 (4.81) | 798 (3.05) | |
Ethnicity | < 0.0001c | ||
White | 77818 (72.62) | 20612 (78.80) | |
Black | 10543 (9.83) | 1850 (7.07) | |
Hispanic | 4963 (4.63) | 1045 (3.99) | |
Asian or Pacific Islander | 741 (0.69) | 94 (0.36) | |
Native American | 500 (0.47) | 91 (0.35) | |
Other | 12596 (11.75) | 2464 (9.42) | |
Primary payer status | < 0.0001c | ||
Medicare | 59738 (55.75) | 14522 (55.52) | |
Medicaid | 10128 (9.45) | 3257 (12.45) | |
Private | 32808 (30.62) | 7239 (27.68) | |
Self-Pay | 2034 (1.89) | 505 (1.93) | |
No charge | 186 (0.17) | 40 (0.15) | |
Other | 2266 (2.11) | 592 (2.26) | |
Median socioeconomic status by national quartiles | 0.0008c | ||
0-25 | 24484 (22.85) | 6111 (23.37) | |
25-50 | 26531 (24.75) | 6690 (25.58) | |
50-75 | 27857 (26.00) | 7171 (27.42) | |
75-100 | 26431 (24.66) | 5876 (22.46) | |
Other | 1857 (1.73) | 307 (1.17) | |
Hospital bed size | 0.0147c | ||
Small | 16789 (15.67) | 4496 (17.19) | |
Medium | 28359 (26.46) | 7067 (27.02) | |
Large | 62012 (57.87) | 14592 (55.79) | |
Location/teaching status of the hospital | < 0.0001c | ||
Rural | 10398 (9.70) | 2299 (8.79) | |
Urban nonteaching | 36576 (34.13) | 7801 (29.83) | |
Urban teaching | 60186 (56.17) | 16055 (61.38) | |
Hospital region | < 0.0001c | ||
Northeast | 21819 (20.36) | 4601 (17.59) | |
Midwest or North Central | 27596 (25.75) | 7636 (29.19) | |
South | 40204 (37.52) | 9583 (36.64) | |
West | 17541 (16.36) | 4335 (16.57) | |
Discharge outcomes | |||
Routine Discharge | 69143 (64.52) | 16289 (62.28) | < 0.0031a |
Transfer to Short-term Hospital | 2240 (2.09) | 475 (1.82) | 0.2013a |
Transfer to other facilities | 16349 (15.26) | 4612 (17.63) | < 0.0001a |
HHC | 17635 (16.45) | 4536 (17.34) | 0.1373a |
In-hospital mortality | 1792 (1.67%) | 243 (0.93%) | < 0.0001a |
Length of stay (days), mean ± SD | 5.49 ± 5.75 | 5.65 ± 5.79 | 0.0738a |
Total charges (USD), mean ± SD | 43881 ± 61300 | 45157 ± 60859 | 0.1762a |
Table 3 Univariate and multivariate analyses of demographics and comorbidities associated with major depressive disorders in the inflammatory bowel disease-rheumatoid arthritis cohort, national inpatient sample year 2000 to 2019
Variables | Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysis | ||
Unadjusted odds ratio1 (95%CI) | P value | Adjusted odds ratio2 (95%CI) | P value | |
Gender, Female vs Male | 1.533 (1.424–1.651) | < 0.0001 | 1.518 (1.463-1.575) | < 0.0001 |
Age groups (yr) | ||||
< 18 | 0.380 (0.153–0.944) | 0.0371 | 0.793 (0.523-1.203) | 0.2842 |
18-44 | 1.320 (1.214-1.434) | < 0.0001 | 1.888 (1.790-1.991) | < 0.0001 |
45-64 | 1.418 (1.321-1.521) | < 0.0001 | 1.693 (1.625-1.764) | < 0.0001 |
65-84 | Reference | NA | Reference | NA |
≥ 85 | 0.773 (0.649-0.920) | 0.0037 | 0.749 (0.688-0.814) | < 0.0001 |
Race | ||||
White | 1.500 (1.338-1.682) | < 0.0001 | 1.830 (1.728-1.939) | < 0.0001 |
Black | Reference | NA | Reference | NA |
Hispanic | 1.193 (0.993-1.434) | 0.0598 | 1.391 (1.272-1.521) | < 0.0001 |
Asian or Pacific Islander | 0.720 (0.441-1.174) | 0.1876 | 0.856 (0.679-1.078) | 0.1876 |
Native American | 1.029 (0.616-1.720) | 0.9120 | 0.937 (0.733-1.198) | 0.6120 |
Other | 1.109 (0.959-1.282) | 0.1627 | 1.456 (1.351-1.568) | < 0.0001 |
Primary payer status | ||||
Medicare | Reference | NA | Reference | NA |
Medicaid | 1.327 (1.205-1.462) | < 0.0001 | 1.043 (0.99-1.10) | 0.1148 |
Private | 0.911 (0.850-0.977) | 0.0085 | 0.774 (0.744-0.805) | < 0.0001 |
Self-Pay | 1.035 (0.831-1.289) | 0.7616 | 0.892 (0.800-0.994) | 0.0382 |
No charge | 0.853 (0.398-1.827) | 0.6825 | 0.698 (0.485-1.005) | 0.0555 |
Other | 1.069 (0.871-1.311) | 0.5255 | 0.974 (0.88-1.077) | 0.5930 |
Median socioeconomic status by national quartiles | ||||
0-25 | Reference | NA | Reference | NA |
25-50 | 1.006 (0.923-1.097) | 0.8836 | 1.031 (0.988-1.075) | 0.1595 |
50-75 | 1.026 (0.943-1.117) | 0.5455 | 1.071 (1.025-1.118) | 0.0019 |
75-100 | 0.890 (0.814-0.972) | 0.0095 | 0.998 (0.952-1.045) | 0.9323 |
Other | 0.664 (0.505-0.873) | 0.0034 | 0.697 (0.61-0.795) | < 0.0001 |
Hospital bed size | ||||
Small | Reference | NA | Reference | NA |
Medium | 1.061 (0.967-1.164) | 0.2109 | 0.956 (0.913-1.002) | 0.0585 |
Large | 0.936 (0.873-1.005) | 0.0669 | 0.926 (0.888-0.966) | 0.0004 |
Location/teaching status of the hospital | ||||
Rural | Reference | NA | Reference | NA |
Urban nonteaching | 1.028 (0.917-1.152) | 0.6376 | 0.994 (0.938-1.054) | 0.8450 |
Urban teaching | 1.253 (1.172-1.339) | < 0.0001 | 1.235 (1.168-1.306) | < 0.0001 |
Hospital region | ||||
Northeast | Reference | NA | Reference | NA |
Midwest or North Central | 1.312 (1.199-1.437) | < 0.0001 | 1.223 (1.162-1.286) | < 0.0001 |
South | 1.124 (1.031-1.225) | 0.0078 | 1.083 (1.032-1.137) | 0.0015 |
West | 1.179 (1.065-1.306) | 0.0015 | 1.148 (1.085-1.213) | < 0.0001 |
Comorbidities | ||||
Liver disease, mild | 1.401 (1.251-1.569) | < 0.0001 | 1.156 (1.091-1.224) | < 0.0001 |
Liver disease, moderate to severe | 1.206 (0.867-1.677) | 0.2655 | 0.976 (0.827-1.152) | 0.7708 |
Peptic ulcer disease | 1.532 (1.247-1.881) | < 0.0001 | 1.254 (1.133-1.387) | < 0.0001 |
Esophageal disorders | 1.684 (1.582-1.792) | < 0.0001 | 1.528 (1.481-1.576) | < 0.0001 |
Gastritis | 1.236 (1.063-1.436) | 0.0059 | 1.096 (1.018-1.18) | 0.0145 |
Diabetes mellitus with chronic complications | 1.326 (1.181-1.489) | < 0.0001 | 1.201 (1.131-1.274) | < 0.0001 |
Diabetes mellitus without chronic complications | 1.033 (0.946-1.128) | 0.4688 | 1.064 (1.018-1.113) | 0.0059 |
Hypertension | 1.082 (1.018-1.151) | 0.0115 | 1.091 (1.055-1.128) | < 0.0001 |
Heart Failure | 0.922 (0.839-1.014) | 0.0943 | 1.005 (0.955-1.058) | 0.8505 |
Coronary artery disease | 0.858 (0.787-0.936) | 0.0005 | 0.901 (0.861-0.944) | < 0.0001 |
Cardiac dysrhythmias | 0.811 (0.742-0.887 | < 0.0001 | 0.884 (0.844-0.925) | < 0.0001 |
Myocardial infarction | 0.703 (0.512-0.965) | 0.0295 | 0.684 (0.587-0.797) | < 0.0001 |
Stroke | 0.604 (0.443-0.825) | 0.0015 | 0.564 (0.484-0.656) | < 0.0001 |
Iron Deficiency Anemia | 1.009 (0.908-1.122) | 0.8635 | 1.017 (0.966-1.071) | 0.5143 |
Nutritional deficiencies | 1.539 (1.344-1.762) | < 0.0001 | 1.282 (1.199-1.37) | < 0.0001 |
Lipid Metabolism disorders | 1.210 (1.130-1.296) | < 0.0001 | 1.192 (1.15-1.237) | < 0.0001 |
Thyroid disorders | 1.327 (1.231-1.430) | < 0.0001 | 1.247 (1.201-1.295) | < 0.0001 |
Chronic Pancreatitis | 1.788 (1.415-2.259) | < 0.0001 | 1.356 (1.207-1.524) | < 0.0001 |
Renal failure, moderate | 1.026 (0.919-1.145) | 0.6530 | 1.04 (0.981-1.102) | 0.1839 |
Renal failure, severe | 1.072 (0.897-1.282) | 0.4445 | 1.117 (1.02-1.223) | 0.0172 |
Menopausal disorders | 1.716 (1.211-2.432) | 0.0024 | 1.433 (1.206-1.702) | < 0.0001 |
Osteoporosis | 1.280 (1.171-1.399) | < 0.0001 | 1.21 (1.157-1.265) | < 0.0001 |
Osteoarthritis | 1.287 (1.187-1.395) | < 0.0001 | 1.215 (1.167-1.264) | < 0.0001 |
Obesity | 1.500 (1.377-1.635) | < 0.0001 | 1.228 (1.176-1.283) | < 0.0001 |
Weight Loss | 1.253 (0.964-1.628 | 0.0913 | 1.212 (1.067-1.378) | 0.0032 |
Protein-calorie malnutrition | 1.162 (1.045-1.291) | 0.0054 | 1.103 (1.047-1.162) | 0.0002 |
Leukemia | 0.980 (0.643-1.492) | 0.9237 | 1.05 (0.856-1.288) | 0.6351 |
Lymphoma | 0.875 (0.610-1.255) | 0.4685 | 1.014 (0.852-1.207) | 0.8744 |
Metastatic cancer | 0.975 (0.744-1.277) | 0.8532 | 1.095 (0.948-1.265) | 0.2168 |
Solid tumor without metastasis, malignant | 0.917 (0.775-1.085) | 0.3140 | 0.944 (0.863-1.034) | 0.2131 |
Paralysis | 1.391 (1.110-1.744) | 0.0042 | 1.48 (1.32-1.659) | < 0.0001 |
Dementia | 1.601 (1.344-1.908) | < 0.0001 | 2.082 (1.906-2.274) | < 0.0001 |
AIDS | 0.866 (0.422-1.776) | 0.6938 | 0.826 (0.58-1.178) | 0.2847 |
Smoking | 1.410 (1.325-1.502) | < 0.0001 | 1.231 (1.193-1.271) | < 0.0001 |
Alcohol | 2.296 (1.922-2.743) | < 0.0001 | 2.109 (1.927-2.308) | < 0.0001 |
Opioids | 2.430 (2.128-2.774) | < 0.0001 | 2.009 (1.882-2.145) | < 0.0001 |
- Citation: Haider MB, Basida B, Kaur J. Major depressive disorders in patients with inflammatory bowel disease and rheumatoid arthritis. World J Clin Cases 2023; 11(4): 764-779
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2307-8960/full/v11/i4/764.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.12998/wjcc.v11.i4.764