Iatrogenic flexor tendon rupture caused by misdiagnosing sarcoidosis-related flexor tendon contracture as tenosynovitis: A case report

Table 1 Literature review of published cases of flexor contractures associated with sarcoidosis

Ref.	Sex	Age	Affected hands	Affected fingers	Treatment	Outcomes of contractures
Warburg[20]	F	56	L and R	All fingers	None	NA
Simmonds and Hoffbrand[19]	F	58	L and R	3rd fingers	Prednisolone and dapsone	Worsened
	M	65	R	4th finger	Steroids, and Azathioprine	Cured after duration of 6 yr
Ikeda et al[2] and Tada et al[4]	F	63	R	2-4th fingers	Granulomatous lesion excision	Worsened two years postoperatively
Motomiya et al[5]	F	61	L and R	5th fingers	Granulomatous lesion excision	NA
Bowers et al[3]	M	14	L	3-5th fingers	Occupational therapy	Improved
Ueba and Obara[18]	F	58	L and R	4, 5th fingers	Granulomatous lesion excision	Cured at a follow-up of 2.5 yr
Walter et al[21]	M	36	L and R	3-5th fingers	Low-dose thalidomide therapy	Markedly improved

F: Female; M: Male; L: Left hand; R: Right hand; NA: Not available.