Impact of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers on the mortality in sepsis: A meta-analysis

Table 1 Characteristics of the studies included in the meta-analysis

Ref.	Population and country	No. of cases	Study type	Adjustment OR (95%CI)	Adjustment	NOS
Mortensen EM et al[15], 2007	3018; United States	547	Cohort	ARBs: 0.42 (0.24-0.76)	Age, history of myocardial infarction, heart failure, stroke, peripheral vascular disease, chronic lung disease, dementia, and moderate liver disease	6
Dial et al[16], 2014	21615; United Kingdom	1965	Cohort	ACEIs: 1.93 (1.56-2.40)	Age, gender, BMI, ever smoking, blood pressure, alcohol abuse, comorbidity, medication	7
				ARBs: 0.91(0.61-1.37)
Wiewel et al[17], 2017	6994; Netherlands	1483	Cohort	ACEIs/ARBs: 1.27 (0.88-1.84)	Age, gender, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation IV score, race, weight, comorbidity and medication	7
Kim et al[18], 2019	4549; South Korea	673	Cohort	ACEIs/ARBs: 1.32 (1.11-1.56)	Age, gender, comorbidity (heart failure, ischemic heart disease, asthma, chronic renal disease, diabetes, cerebrovascular disease, and solid tumor)	7
Lai et al[19], 2019	21502; China	11918	Cohort	ACEIs/ARBs: 1.31 (1.22-1.40)	Age, gender, comorbidities, medication	7
Hsieh et al[20], 2020	223560; China	33213	Cohort	ACEIs: 0.93 (0.88-0.98)	Age, gender, insurance premium, urbanization level and comorbidity	6
				ARBs: 0.85 (0.81-0.90)

ACEI: Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors; ARB: Angiotensin receptor blocker; BMI: Body mass index; OR: Odds ratio; NOS: Newcastle-ottawa scale.

Table 2 Stratified analysis of the premorbid calcium channel blockers and mortality of sepsis according to study characteristics

Group	No. of studies	OR (95%CI)	Pheterogeneity	I2 (%)
Geographic area
Non-Asia	4	0.91 (0.74-1.09)	0	94.6
Asia	4	0.94 (0.91-0.98)	0	96.7
Object
ACEIs	2	0.94 (0.89-0.99)	< 0.01	95.3
ARBs	3	0.84 (0.79-0.88)	0.006	80.7
ACEIs/ARBs	3	1.31 (1.23-1.39)	0.983	0
NOS
6	3	0.88 (0.85-0.91)	0	88.6
7	5	1.31 (1.24-1.39)	0.013	68.4

ACEI: Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors; ARB: Angiotensin receptor blocker; OR: Odds ratio; NOS: Newcastle-ottawa scale.