Randomized Controlled Trial
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2023.
World J Clin Cases. Nov 16, 2023; 11(32): 7806-7813
Published online Nov 16, 2023. doi: 10.12998/wjcc.v11.i32.7806
Table 1 Postoperative nausea and vomiting grading scale
PONV grade
Patient response
0Without PONV
INausea without vomiting
IINausea with vomiting (< 3 times/d)
IIIVomiting ≥ 3 times/d
PONV: Postoperative nausea and vomiting.
Table 2 Comparison of baseline characteristics between the sufentanil and butorphanol groups
Sufentanil group (n = 55)
Butorphanol group (n = 55)
P value
Age71.0 ± 5.769.6 ± 5.70.199
Gender (male/female)32/2334/210.698
ASA (I/II/III)0/33/220/30/250.847
Weight (kg)63.6 ± 10.368.6 ± 11.30.058
BMI (kg/m2)21.1 ± 1.820.81 ± 1.70.403
Smoking (yes/no)25/3026/290.703
PONV or motion sickness history (yes/no)14/4120/350.218
Operation time (h)3.41 ± 1.303.25 ± 1.070.484
Intraoperative infusion volume (mL)1290.9 ± 404.71243.6 ± 316.80.497
Postoperative 24-h infusion volume (mL)2380.9 ± 137.62342.7 ± 133.80.143
Postoperative 48-h infusion volume (mL)2152.7 ± 128.92125.5 ± 117.40.249
ASA: American Society of Anesthesiologists; BMI: Body mass index; PONV: Postoperative nausea and vomiting.
Table 3 Comparison of hemodynamics between the sufentanil and butorphanol groups
HR (BPM)
SBP (mmHg)
DBP (mmHg)
Sufentanil
Butorphanol
P value
Sufentanil
Butorphanol
P value
Sufentanil
Butorphanol
P value
Pre-operation69.2 ± 9.067.9 ± 7.10.400145.2 ± 15.2146.1 ± 12.00.74867.8 ± 6.267.51 ± 5.10.828
One minute before induction70.2 ± 9.568.8 ± 6.50.348149.5 ± 17.9149.3 ± 12.40.96671.2 ± 8.868.4 ± 5.40.056
One minute after tracheal intubation69.8 ± 9.268.8 ± 6.10.480144.3 ± 18.4147.8 ± 10.50.23369.5 ± 8.767.6 ± 4.30.156
Intraoperative maintenance67.3 ± 8.168.5 ± 6.30.388145.2 ± 13.9149.1 ± 9.80.09868.3 ± 7.668.1 ± 4.50.867
HR: Heart rate; SBP: Systolic blood pressure; DBP: Diastolic blood pressure.
Table 4 Comparison of postoperative nausea and vomiting within postoperative 48 h between the sufentanil and butorphanol groups
Sufentanil group (n = 55)
Butorphanol group (n = 55)
Z
P value
T1 PONV (0/I/II/III)42/6/6/152/3/0/0-2.7860.005a
T2 PONV (0/I/II/III)21/11/11/244/4/7/0-3.1880.001a
T3 PONV (0/I/II/III)50/3/2/054/1/0/0-1.3750.169
aThere is significant statistical difference between the two groups, with P < 0.05.
T1: During the postanesthesia care unit period; T2: Return to the ward for 24 h; T3: Return to the ward for 24-48 h. PONV: Postoperative nausea and vomiting.
Table 5 Comparison of actual doses of propofol and remifentanil, agitation scores, Bruggrmann comfort scale scores, and effective compressions of patient-controlled intravenous analgesia pump
Sufentanil group (n = 55)
Butorphanol group (n = 55)
Z
P value
Propofol (mg)1027.2 ± 461.61016.4 ± 379.4-0.893
Remifentanil (mg)1.3 ± 0.61.2 ± 0.5-0.438
Agitation score (0/1/2/3)42/8/5/047/6/2/0-0.7740.439
BCS score (0/1/2/3/4)6/5/30/14/01/4/24/25/1-2.1950.028a
Effective compressions of PCIA1.00 (2.00-1.00)1.00 (2.00-1.00)-0.881
aThere is significant statistical difference between the two groups, with P < 0.05.
BCS: Bruggrmann comfort scale; PCIA: Patient-controlled intravenous analgesia pump.