Cardiac arrest secondary to pulmonary embolism treated with extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation: Six case reports

Table 1 Clinical characteristics of patients with cardiac arrest secondary to pulmonary embolism treated with extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation

Case	Sex	Age (yr)	BMI (kg/m2)	Underlying disease			Predisposing factors
				Hypertension	Diabetes	Hyperlipidemia	Recent hospitalization	Cancer	Trauma	Travel	Thrombosis
1	F	63	19.48	N	N	N	Y	N	Y	N	Y
2	F	68	31.25	N	Y	Y	N	N	N	N	Y
3	F	73	17.58	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	Y
4	F	51	23.43	Y	Y	N	Y	N	Y	N	N
5	F	40	20.54	N	N	N	N	N	N	Y	Y
6	M	47	24.8	N	N	N	N	Y	N	N	Y

BMI: Body mass index; F: Female; M: Male; N: No; Y: Yes.

Table 2 Clinical indicators of patients with cardiac arrest secondary to pulmonary embolism treated with extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation

Case	Laboratory indexes					RV/LV	CT	CRRT	APACHE II score	SOFA score
	D-dimer (μg/mL)	CK-MB (U/L)	Troponin (ng/ml)	BNP (pg/mL)	Lactate (mmol/L)
1	> 20	2.7	0.04	778	12	25/43	Emboli in multiple pulmonary artery branches in the distal left main pulmonary artery and multiple emboli in the bilateral pulmonary artery branches	Y	24	14
2	1.97	9.7	0.182	275	13.1	35/34	Emboli in the bilateral main pulmonary arteries	N	38	13
3	> 20	41.6	5.119	42	> 15	26/34	Emboli in the distal right main pulmonary artery trunk and multiple emboli in the bilateral pulmonary artery branches	N	47	16
4	3.55	81.9	0.193	119	11.8	23/51	Emboli in the bilateral lower lobar arteries	Y	46	16
5	> 20	263.6	0.31	643	14.22	36/26	Emboli in multiple pulmonary artery branches	Y	33	13
6	7.42	151.6	0.05	225	9	42/39	Emboli in the distal pulmonary trunk, left and right main pulmonary arteries, and bilateral pulmonary artery branches	Y	30	15

CK-MB: Creatine kinase isozyme; BNP: B-type natriuretic peptide; RV/LV: Right ventricle/left ventricle; CT: Computed tomography; CRRT: Continuous renal replacement therapy; APACHE II: Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II; SOFA: Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score; Y: Yes; N: No.

Table 3 Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation data and clinical outcomes of patients with cardiac arrest secondary to pulmonary embolism treated with extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation

Case	Low-flow time (min)	Duration of ECMO support (h)	ECMO complications	Weaned from ECMO	Duration of ICU stay (days)	30-d CPC score	30-d survival
1	50	19	DIC, intra-abdominal hemorrhage	Y	17	3	Y
2	30	218	None	Y	42	2	Y
3	40	54	DIC, airway hemorrhage	Y	23	3	Y
4	58	68	Ischemia of right first metatarsal	Y	6	5	N
5	28	47	None	Y	20	1	Y
6	43	261	None	N	11	5	N

ECMO: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; ICU: Intensive care unit; CPC: Glasgow-Pittsburgh cerebral performance category; DIC: Disseminated intravascular coagulation; Y: Yes; N: No.