Hyponatremic encephalopathy due to polyethylene glycol-based bowel preparation for colonoscopy: A case report

Table 1 Clinical findings of patients with polyethylene glycol-related hyponatremia

Patient number	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12
Reference	[3]	[3]	[3]	[3]	[3]	[3]	[3]	[15]	[15]	[15]	[18]	[16]
Age	59	62	51	73	70	65	69	53	79	68	64	71
Sex	F	F	M	F	F	F	F	F	F	F	F	M
History	Hysterectomy oophorectomy	Hypertension, Dyslipidemia	Diabetes, End-stage renal disease	Depression, Hypothyroidism	Stenosis of internal carotid artery, Hypertension, Osteoporosis	Breast cancer, Total thyroidectomy and radioiodine therapy	Dyslipidemia, Diabetes	Asthma, Osteoporosis, Hypertension	NA	Breast cancer, Nephrectomy, Esophageal dysmotility, Hypertension	Hypertension, Hyperlipidemia	Diabetic, Colon cancer (suspicion)
Prescription drugs	Estradiol, Aspirin	Thiazide	Amlodipine, Furosemide, Atenolol	Citalopram, Levothyroxine	Amlodipine, Clopidogrel, Ibandronic acid	Levothyroxine	Atorvastatin, Sitagliptin, Glimepiride, Metformin	Irbesartan, Chlorothalidone	Thiazides	Irbesartan, Hydrochlorothiazide, Tamoxifen, Ezetimibe	Thiazide	NA
Preparation methods	3L PEG and 4L weak tea	4L PEG	NA	255g PEG and 64 ounces gatorade	4L PEG and 3L clear water	4L PEG	4L PEG	NA	10mg Bisacodyl and PEG mixed with 120mL gatorade	2L Pico Prep and 1L PEG	4L PEG	7-8L PEG
Clinical presentation	Confusion	Seizure	Idioventricular rhythm, Cardiac arrest	Seizure	Seizure	Seizure	Seizure	Seizure	Nausea, Vomiting	Nausea, Vomiting, Malaise, Seizure	Seizure	Drowsy, Seizure
Blood pressure in mmHg	110/70	130/90	167/78	Normal	190/100	156/85	143/74	150/86	NA	150/70	NA	NA
Pulse in bpm	60	90	103	Normal	84	86	76	79	NA	84	NA	NA
Sodium in mmol/L
Baseline	NA	138	138	NA	140	144	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA
Lowest	120	116	122	117	110	127	113	115	118	106	114	111
Post-treatment	138	130	NA	131	138	141	135	NA	133	Normal	Normal	132
Potassium in mmol/L	4.6	3.9	5.1	3.3	3.4	4.3	3.4	2.5	NA	3.1	NA	NA
Chloride in mmol/L	NA	79	94	79	72	104	72	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA
Bicarbonate in mmol/L	17.2	26	20	21	17.3	17.3	17.3	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA
Urea in mg/dL	NA	2.5	24.3	6	11.8	14.6	11.8	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA
Creatine in mg/dL	0.9	0.6	7.7	0.6	0.67	0.71	0.67	NA	NA	Normal	NA	NA
Glucose in mg/dL	93	NA	95.5	NA	148	235	148	NA	NA	NA	NA	Normal
Brain CT/MRI findings	Normal	Cerebral edema	Not done	Not done	Normal	Normal	Small vessel disease and tiny restriction focus in temporal lobe	Cerebral edema	Normal	Normal	Normal	Normal
Outcome	Complete recovery	Complete recovery	Death	Complete recovery	Complete recovery	Complete recovery	Complete recovery	Complete recovery	Complete recovery	Complete recovery	Complete recovery	Complete recovery

CT: Computed tomography; F: Female; M: Male; MRI: Magnetic resonance imaging; N/A: Not applicable; PEG: Polyethylene glycol.