Diagnostic performance of Neutrophil CD64 index, procalcitonin, and C-reactive protein for early sepsis in hematological patients

Table 1 Characteristics of hematological patients

Diagnosis	Patients with hematological diseases (n = 207)			Normal controls (n = 26)	P value
	Local infection	Sepsis	No infection
Sex, n (%)					0.255
Female	34 (50.7)	58 (64.4)	26 (52.0)	13 (50.0)
Male	33 (49.3)	32 (35.6)	24 (48.0)	13 (50.0)
Age, median [range], yr	60 [14-86]	60 [18-84]	60 [21-88]	46 [22-76]	0.726
WBC, median [range] (× 109/L)	3.7 [0.30-136.0]	2.55 [0.30-161.0]	3.4 [0.70-20.4]		0.090
ANC, median [range] (× 109/L)	2.31 [0.00-45.80]	0.745 [0.00-39.00]	2.1 [0.10-13.59]		0.013
RBC, median [range] (× 1012/L)	2.53 [1.15-4.87]	2.40 [1.13-4.51]	3.05 [1.68-4.62]		< 0.001
PLT, median [range] (× 109/L)	56 [6-456]	34 [1-462]	133 [8-517]		< 0.001

WBC: White blood cell; ANC: Absolute neutrophil count; RBC: Red blood cell; PLT: Platelet.

Table 2 Infection characteristics in hematological patients

Infection sites	Hematological patients with local infection (n = 67)			Hematological patients with sepsis (n = 90)
	Clinical diagnosis (n = 55)	Positive culture of secretions (n = 11)	Positive blood culture (n = 1)	Clinical diagnosis (n = 54)	Positive culture of secretions (n = 26)	Positive blood culture (n = 10)
Upper respiratory tract infection	20	1	-	123	54	1
Lung infection	271	6	1	315	146	5
Suppurative tonsillitis	-	-	-	1	2	-
Oral infections	2	2	-	1	1	2
Cholecystitis	-	-	-	2	-	-
Appendicitis	2	-	-	-	-	-
Perianal infection	-	-	-	27	-	-
Skin and soft tissue infection	22	1	-	1	2	1
Urinary tract infection	-	1	-	48	2	-
Unknown infection site	2	-	-	-	-	1

¹One case with acute gastroenteritis, one case with perianal infection, one case with urinary infection.

²One case with pulmonary infection.

³One case with urinary infection.

⁴One case with perianal infection.

⁵Two cases with acute gastroenteritis, two cases with urinary tract infection, one case with skin and soft tissue infection. one case with oral infection.

⁶One case with acute gastroenteritis.

⁷One case with appendicitis.

⁸One case with pneumonia.

Table 3 Diagnostic value of the neutrophil CD64 index, procalcitonin, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein for early sepsis in hematological patients

Indicator	AUC	Best cutoff	Sensitivity	Specificity	Likelihood ratio
					Positive	Negative
nCD64 index	77.7%	1.465	82.3%	67.2%	2.51	0.26
PCT (ng/mL)	73.5%	0.175	67.8%	71.6%	2.39	0.45
hs-CRP (mg/L)	67.0%	69.8	54.4%	74.6%	2.18	0.60

AUC: Area under the curve; nCD64: Neutrophil CD64; PCT: Procalcitonin; hs-CRP: High-sensitivity C-reactive protein.