Develop a nomogram to predict overall survival of patients with borderline ovarian tumors

Table 1 Patient baseline characteristics among borderline ovarian tumors and epithelial ovarian cancer before propensity score matching and after propensity score matching

Variables	Before PSM			After PSM
	BOTs (n = 192)	EOC (n = 371)	P value	BOTs (n = 192)	EOC (n = 192)	P value
Age at diagnosis (years)	41.0 ± 15.2	51.0 ± 11.8	< 0.0001	41.0 ± 15.2	45.8 ± 12.8	0.0008
Body mass index (kg/m2)	22.6 ± 3.2	23 ± 8.1	0.5159	22.6 ± 3.2	22.4 ± 3	0.5189
Menopausal status (%)			< 0.0001			0.565
Premenopausal	143 (74.5)	176 (47.4)		143 (74.5)	138 (71.9)
Postmenopausal	49 (25.5)	194 (52.3)		49 (25.5)	54 (28.1)
Unknown	0 (0)	1 (0.3)		0 (0)	0 (0)
Parity (%)			< 0.0001			< 0.0001
Nulliparous	6 (3.1)	0 (0)		6 (3.1)	0 (0)
Parous	133 (69.3)	334 (90)		133 (69.3)	164 (85.4)
Unknown	53 (27.6)	37 (10)		53 (27.6)	0 (0)
Preoperative CA125>35 IU/mL (%)			< 0.0001			< 0.0001
Elevated	107 (55.7)	320 (86.3)		107 (55.7)	163 (84.9)
Normal	76 (39.6)	37 (10)		76 (39.6)	19 (9.9)
Unknown	9 (4.7)	14 (3.8)		9 (4.7)	10 (5.2)
Preoperative CA199>34 IU/mL (%)			0.945			0.827
Elevated	54 (28.1)	104 (28)		54 (28.1)	58 (30.2)
Normal	110 (57.3)	209 (56.3)		110 (57.3)	104 (54.2)
Unknown	28 (14.6)	58 (15.6)		28 (14.6)	30 (15.6)
Tumor localizations			0.153			0.196
LO	44 (22.9)	99 (26.7)		44 (22.9)	54 (28.1)
RO	86 (44.8)	165 (36.4)		86 (44.8)	69 (35.9)
Unknown	62 (32.3)	137 (36.9)		62 (32.3)	69 (35.9)
FIGO stage (%)			< 0.0001			< 0.0001
Ⅰ	168 (87.5)	151 (40.7)		168 (87.5)	85 (44.3)
Ⅱ	7 (3.6)	34 (9.2)		7 (3.6)	16 (8.3)
Ⅲ	17 (8.9)	169 (45.6)		17 (8.9)	80 (41.7)
Ⅳ	0 (0)	17 (4.6)		0 (0)	11 (5.7)
Surgical type (%)			0.0005			0.0005
BSO	7 (3.6)	4 (1.1)		7 (3.6)	1 (0.5)
HB	13 (6.8)	8 (2.2)		13 (6.8)	4 (2.1)
HBO	5 (2.6)	31 (8.4)		5 (2.6)	17 (8.9)
HBOA	8 (4.2)	15 (4)		8 (4.2)	11 (5.7)
HBOL	77 (40.1)	291 (78.4)		77 (40.1)	146 (76)
TR	34 (17.7)	6 (1.6)		34 (17.7)	5 (2.6)
USO	48 (25)	13 (3.5)		48 (25)	7 (3.6)
CS	0 (0)	3 (0.8)		0 (0)	1 (0.5)
Postoperative adjuvant therapy (%)			< 0.0001			< 0.0001
Yes	64 (33.3)	292 (78.7)		64 (33.3)	156 (81.3)
No	125 (65.1)	78 (21)		125 (65.1)	36 (18.8)
Unknown	3 (1.6)	1 (0.3)		3 (1.6)	0 (0)

BOT: Borderline ovarian tumor; BSO: Bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy; EOC: Epithelial ovarian cancer; FIGO: Federation international of gynecology and obstetrics; HB: Total hysterectomy with bilateral adnexectomy; HBO: Total hysterectomy with bilateral adnexectomy and omentectomy; HBOA: Total hysterectomy with bilateral adnexectomy, omentectomy, and appendectomy; HBOL: Total hysterectomy with bilateral adnexectomy, omentectomy, and lymph node dissection; LO: Left ovary; RO: Right ovary; TR: Tumor resection; USO: Unilateral salpingo-oophorectomy; CS: Cytoreductive surgery.

Table 2 Univariate and multivariate Cox analyses of factors associated with borderline ovarian tumors patient overall survival after propensity score matching

Variables	Univariate Cox analysis		Multivariate Cox analysis
	HR (95%CI)	P value	HR (95%CI)	P value
Age	1.1 (1.1-1.2)	3.3e-06	1.180 (1.093730-1.274)	2.04e-05
Surgical type	1 (0.66-1.6)	0.93	2.244 (1.164409-4.325)	0.0157
FIGO stage	3.3e-08 (0-Inf)	1	1.046e-08 (0-Inf)	0.9990
Tumor size	1.6 (0.21-12)	0.65	8.503 (0.006883-10503.344)	0.5557
CA125	1.7 (0.45-6.4)	0.44	1.046 (0.203595-5.370)	0.9574
CA199	1.2 (0.49-3.1)	0.66	2.156 (0.531390-8.746)	0.2823
BMI	1.1 (0.88-1.4)	0.4
Menopausal status	1.9 (0.42-8.4)	0.41
Parity	0.31 (0.056-1.7)	0.19
Adjuvant therapy	0.69 (0.14-3.4)	0.65

BMI: Body mass index; FIGO: Federation International of gynecology and obstetrics.