Change and impact of left ventricular global longitudinal strain during transcatheter aortic valve implantation

Table 1 Clinical characteristics of participants undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation

Characteristics	n = 61
Female (n)	28
Age (yr)	73.42 ± 7.60
Height (cm)	164.67 ± 7.05
Weight (kg)	65.88 ± 10.61
NYHA class III/IV (n)	43/5
Other diseases
Hypertension	32
Diabetes	14
Hyperlipemia	8
Coronary heart diseases	18
Impaired pulmonary function	11
Stroke	11

NYHA: New York Heart Association functional classification.

Table 2 Adverse events during the perioperative period

Perioperative adverse events	n
Cardiac rupture	2
Heart arrest	1
Perioperative death	2
Perioperative reoperation	2
Perioperative acute heart failure	1
Moderate or severe perivalvular leakage	5
Perioperative LVOTO	1
Significant mitral regurgitation	2

LVOTO: Left ventricular outflow tract obstruction.

Table 3 Factors influencing perioperative adverse events

	OR	95%CI	P value
Sex	0.089	0.003-2.425	0.152
Age	1.141	0.974-1.335	0.102
Weight	0.929	0.823-1.048	0.228
Height	1.233	0.942-1.615	0.127
Hypertension	2.579	0.309-21.515	0.381
Diabetes	5.512	0.398-76.356	0.203
Hyperlipemia	0.721	0.027-19.079	0.845
Coronary heart diseases	1.919	0.218-16.924	0.557
Impaired pulmonary function	2.656	0.154-45.870	0.502
Stroke	2.290	0.240-21.846	0.472

CI: Confidence interval; OR: Odds ratio.

Table 4 Changing trend in left ventricular ejection fraction and left ventricular global longitudinal strain in the preserved left ventricular ejection fraction group

	Preserved LVEF group	Pre-ex	Pre-im	Di-im	Inter-group
Baseline LVEF	64.57 ± 7.63
LVEF after expansion	60.17 ± 9.73
LVEF after implantation	58.38 ± 11.39
P value		0.081	0.013	0.432	0.040
Baseline LVGLS	-18.09 ± 3.30
LVGLS after expansion	-13.99 ± 4.22
LVGLS after implantation	-12.94 ± 5.59
P value		0.003	0.000	0.309	0.000
PAEs	13

Ex-im: Balloon expansion-stent implantation; LVEF: Left ventricular ejection fraction; LVGLS: Left ventricular global longitudinal strain; PAEs: Perioperative adverse events; Pre-ex: Preoperative balloon expansion; Pre-im: Preoperative stent implantation.

Table 5 Changing trend in left ventricular ejection fraction and left ventricular global longitudinal strain in the decreased left ventricular ejection fraction group

	Decreased LVEF group	Pre-di	Pre-im	Di-im	Inter-group
Baseline LVEF	34.34 ± 9.74
LVEF after expansion	35.23 ± 9.98
LVEF after implantation	35.91 ± 11.52
P value		0.780	0.623	0.833	0.884
Baseline LVGLS	-9.07 ± 3.31
LVGLS after expansion	-7.72 ± 4.09
LVGLS after implantation	-8.24 ± 4.00
P value		0.245	0.472	0.654	0.500
PAEs	3

Ex-im: Balloon expansion-stent implantation; Pre-ex: Preoperative-balloon expansion; Pre-im: Preoperative-stent implantation; LVEF: Left ventricular ejection fraction; LVGLS: Left ventricular global longitudinal strain; PAEs: Perioperative adverse events.