Coptis, Pinellia, and Scutellaria as a promising new drug combination for treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection

Table 1 Identified herbs and their frequency

Herb	Frequency	Herb	Frequency	Herb	Frequency
Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma	154	Aucklandiae Radix	40	Citri Sarcodactylis Fructus	14
Coptidis Rhizoma	121	Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex	40	Gardeniae Fructus	14
Pinelliae Rhizoma	100	Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma	38	Rehmanniae Radix	13
Paeoniae Radix Alba	82	Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma	36	Hordei Fructus Germinatus	13
Scutellariae Radix	79	Bletillae Rhizoma	35	Perillae Fructus	13
Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae	78	Jujubae Fructus	35	Toosendan Fructus	13
Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma	75	Aurantii Fructus	33	Lilii Bulbus	12
Codonopsis Radix	73	Euodiae Fructus	24	Linderae Radix	12
Poria	73	Aurantii Fructus Immaturus	23	Faeces Trogopterpri	12
Taraxaci Herba	65	Cyperi Rhizoma	22	Atractylodis Rhizoma	12
Astragali Radix	56	Cinnamomi Ramulus	19	Angelicae Sinensis Radix	11
Sepiae Endoconcha	54	Coicis Semen	18	Crataegi Fructus	11
Zingiberis Rhizoma	49	Rhei Radix et Rhizoma	16	Typhae Pollen	11
Corydalis Rhizoma	43	Arcae Concha	15	Amomi Fructus Rotundus	11
Amomi Fructus	41	Hedyotis Diffusa	14	Pseudostellariae Radix	11
Bupleuri Radix	41	Fritillariae Thunbergii Bulbus	14	Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma	10

Table 2 Drug combinations with a support level of ≥ 45

Drug combination	Frequency	Drug combination	Frequency
Coptidis Rhizoma, Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma	88	Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, Poria	55
Pinelliae Rhizoma, Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma	76	Scutellariae Radix, Coptidis Rhizoma, Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma	54
Pinelliae Rhizoma, Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma	74	Pinelliae Rhizoma, Scutellariae Radix and Coptidis Rhizoma	52
Scutellariae Radix, Coptidis Rhizoma	69	Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae, Poria	47
Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, Paeoniae Radix Alba	68	Coptidis Rhizoma, Taraxaci Herba	46
Scutellariae Radix, Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma	61	Pinelliae Rhizoma, Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae	46
Codonopsis Radix, Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma	60	Pinelliae Rhizoma, Poria	46
Pinelliae Rhizoma, Coptidis Rhizoma and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma	57	Pinelliae Rhizoma, Scutellariae Radix, Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma	45
Pinelliae Rhizoma, Scutellariae Radix	57	Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma, Poria	45
Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae, Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma	56	Coptidis Rhizoma, Codonopsis Radix	45
Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma, Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma	56	-	-

Table 3 Association rules with a confidence level of > 0.7

Association rules	Confidence	Association rules	Confidence
Pinelliae Rhizoma - Scutellariae Radix → Coptidis Rhizoma	0.9123	Pinelliae Rhizoma - Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma → Coptidis Rhizoma	0.7703
Scutellariae Radix - Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma → Coptidis Rhizoma	0.8852	Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma → Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma	0.7568
Scutellariae Radix → Coptidis Rhizoma	0.8734	Pinelliae Rhizoma → Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma	0.7551
Codonopsis Radix → Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma	0.8219	Scutellariae Radix - Coptidis Rhizoma → Pinelliae Rhizoma	0.7536
Paeoniae Radix Alba → Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma	0.8000	Pinelliae Rhizoma - Coptidis Rhizoma → Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma	0.7500
Pinelliae Rhizoma - Scutellariae Radix → Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma	0.7895	Scutellariae Radix - Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma → Pinelliae Rhizoma	0.7377
Scutellariae Radix - Coptidis Rhizoma → Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma	0.7826	Coptidis Rhizoma → Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma	0.7273
Pinelliae Rhizoma → Coptidis Rhizoma	0.7755	Scutellariae Radix → Pinelliae Rhizoma	0.7215
Poria → Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma	0.7746	Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae → Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma	0.7089
Scutellariae Radix → Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma	0.7722	Taraxaci Herba → Coptidis Rhizoma	0.7077

Table 4 Information on compounds in Coptis, Pinellia, and Scutellaria

Herb	Compounds
Coptidis Rhizoma	Berberine; Berberrubine; (R)-Canadine; Berlambine; Worenine; Coptisine; Epiberberine
Pinelliae Rhizoma	Coniferin; Cavidine; Cycloartenol; Gondoic acid; 24-Ethylcholest-4-en-3-one; 10,13-eicosadienoic; Baicalein; Beta-sitosterol; Stigmasterol
Scutellariae Radix	Acacetin; Wogonin; Rivularin; Salvigenin; Norwogonin; Panicolin; Sitosterol; Oroxylina; Skullcapflavone II; Neobaicalein; Moslosooflavone; 11,13-Eicosadienoic acid; Methyl ester; Dihydrooroxylin A; Dihydrobaicalin_qt; 5,2‘,6’-Trihydroxy-7,8-dimethoxyflavone; 5,8,2‘-Trihydroxy-7-methoxyflavone; Dihydrooroxylin; (2R)-7-hydroxy-5-methoxy-2-phenylchroman-4-one; Tenaxin I; Coptisine; Epiberberine; Baicalein; Beta-sitosterol; Stigmasterol