Prevalence of depression and anxiety and associated factors among geriatric orthopedic trauma inpatients: A cross-sectional study

Table 1 Baseline data of the enrolled patients

Variable		n (%)
Age (yr)	60-69	477 (49.4)
	70-79	397 (41.1)
	≥ 80	92 (9.5)
ISS (points)		4.47 ± 3.65
VAS (points)		5.20 ± 1.20
Sex	Male	487 (50.4)
	Female	479 (49.6)
Injury types	Fracture	645 (66.8)
	Joint dislocation1	65 (6.7)
	Soft tissue injury	256 (26.5)
Marital status	Married	862 (89.2)
	Unmarried	7 (0.7)
	Divorced or widowed	97 (10.0)
Educational level	Illiterate	125 (12.9)
	Primary school	325 (33.6)
	High school	407 (42.1)
	Junior college2 and above	109 (11.3)
Surgery	Emergency	94 (9.7)
	Elective	843 (87.3)
	None	29 (3.0)
Number of chronic diseases	0	326 (33.7)
	1	438 (45.3)
	≥ 2	202 (20.9)
HEI score	≤ 8	891 (92.2)
	> 8	75 (7.8)
Total		966 (100)

¹Joint dislocation: If fracture and joint dislocation occurred at the same time, it was considered joint dislocation.

²Junior college: general college and technical secondary school.

ISS: Injury Severity Score; VAS: Visual Analog Score; HEI: Huaxi Emotional-distress Index. Values are expressed as the mean ± SD or n (%).

Table 2 Association between Huaxi Emotional-distress Index score and related factors

Variable		HEI ≤ 8	HEI > 8	t/χ2	P value
		(n = 891)	(n = 75)
Age (yr)		70.15 ± 7.08	70.32 ± 7.46	-0.2	0.842
ISS (points)		4.17 ± 3.10	7.96 ± 6.68	-4.862	< 0.001
VAS (points)		5.05 ± 1.09	6.89 ± 1.23	-13.92	< 0.001
Sex, n (%)	Male	448 (50.3)	39 (52.0)	0.082	0.775
	Female	443 (49.7)	36 (48.0)
Injury types, n (%)	Fracture	602 (67.6)	43 (57.3)	6.526	0.038
	Joint dislocation	62 (7.0)	3 (4)
	Soft tissue injury	227 (25.5)	29 (38.7)
Marital status, n (%)	Married	795 (89.2)	67 (89.3)	0.621	0.733
	Unmarried	7 (0.8)	0
	Divorced or widowed	89 (10.0)	8 (10.7)
Educational level, n (%)	Illiteracy	105 (11.8)	20 (26.7)	17.652	0.001
	Primary school	303 (34.0)	22 (29.3)
	High school	376 (42.2)	31 (41.3)
	Junior college and above	107 (12.0)	2 (2.7)
Surgery, n (%)	Emergency	87 (9.8)	7 (9.3)	0.049	0.976
	Elective	777 (87.2)	66 (88)
	None	27 (3.0)	2 (2.7)
Number of chronic diseases, n (%)	0	325 (36.5)	1 (1.3)	213.385	< 0.001
	1	429 (48.1)	34 (12.0)
	≥ 2	137 (15.4)	65 (86.7)

Values are expressed as the mean ± SD or n (%). ISS: Injury Severity Score; VAS: Visual Analog Score; HEI: Huaxi Emotional-distress Index.

Table 3 Relationship of significant emotional distress predictors with Huaxi Emotional-distress Index score > 8

Variable	B	SE	Wald	P value	Exp (B)/OR	95%CI
						Lower	Upper
ISS	0.105	0.047	5.074	0.024	1.111	1.014	1.218
VAS	1.335	0.194	47.287	< 0.001	3.8	2.597	5.559
Educational level
Junior college and above	-1.778	1.032	3.959	0.047	0.169	0.029	0.974
Number of chronic diseases
≥ 2	4.547	0.894	19.397	< 0.001	94.376	12.474	714.031
Constant	-13.545	1.59	72.583	< 0.001	< 0.001

ISS: Injury Severity Score; VAS: Visual Analog Score; SE: Standard error; OR: Odds ratio; CI: Confidence interval.